This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Tutorial (70) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (648) Artificial Intelligence (1786) e-Learning and Digital Medical Education (807) Consumer & Patient Education and Shared-Decision Making (774) Learning and Education (90) Tutorials in Medical Education (8)

Published on in Vol 25 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/50638, first published .
Prompt Engineering as an Important Emerging Skill for Medical Professionals: Tutorial

Prompt Engineering as an Important Emerging Skill for Medical Professionals: Tutorial

Prompt Engineering as an Important Emerging Skill for Medical Professionals: Tutorial

Authors of this article:

Bertalan Meskó1 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (293) Tweetations (36) Metrics

Journals

  1. Meskó B. The Impact of Multimodal Large Language Models on Health Care’s Future. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e52865 View
  2. Lund B. The prompt engineering librarian. Library Hi Tech News 2023;40(8):6 View
  3. Sallam M, Barakat M, Sallam M. Pilot Testing of a Tool to Standardize the Assessment of the Quality of Health Information Generated by Artificial Intelligence-Based Models. Cureus 2023 View
  4. Shu L, He Q, Yan B, Wu D, Wang M, Wang C, Zhang L. Human‐in‐the‐loop: Human involvement in enhancing medical inquiry performance in large language models. Allergy 2024;79(5):1348 View
  5. Sallam M, Al-Salahat K. Below average ChatGPT performance in medical microbiology exam compared to university students. Frontiers in Education 2023;8 View
  6. Sallam M, Al-Salahat K, Al-Ajlouni E. ChatGPT Performance in Diagnostic Clinical Microbiology Laboratory-Oriented Case Scenarios. Cureus 2023 View
  7. Non L. All aboard the ChatGPT steamroller: Top 10 ways to make artificial intelligence work for healthcare professionals. Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 2023;3(1) View
  8. Patil N, Huang R, Caterine S, Yao J, Larocque N, van der Pol C, Stubbs E. Artificial Intelligence Chatbots’ Understanding of the Risks and Benefits of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scenarios. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 2024;75(3):518 View
  9. Nyaaba M, Zhaı X. Generative AI Professional Development Needs for Teacher Educators. Journal of AI 2024;8(1):1 View
  10. Sallam M, Barakat M, Sallam M. A Preliminary Checklist (METRICS) to Standardize the Design and Reporting of Studies on Generative Artificial Intelligence–Based Models in Health Care Education and Practice: Development Study Involving a Literature Review. Interactive Journal of Medical Research 2024;13:e54704 View
  11. Mishra V, Sarraju A, Kalwani N, Dexter J. Evaluation of Prompts to Simplify Cardiovascular Disease Information Generated Using a Large Language Model: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e55388 View
  12. Durieux B, Davis J, Moons P, Van Bulck L. How to get the most out of ChatGPT? Tips and tricks on prompting. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 2024;23(7):e128 View
  13. Wang L, Chen X, Deng X, Wen H, You M, Liu W, Li Q, Li J. Prompt engineering in consistency and reliability with the evidence-based guideline for LLMs. npj Digital Medicine 2024;7(1) View
  14. Huber S, Kiili K, Nebel S, Ryan R, Sailer M, Ninaus M. Leveraging the Potential of Large Language Models in Education Through Playful and Game-Based Learning. Educational Psychology Review 2024;36(1) View
  15. Liu S, McCoy A, Wright A, Nelson S, Huang S, Ahmad H, Carro S, Franklin J, Brogan J, Wright A. Why do users override alerts? Utilizing large language model to summarize comments and optimize clinical decision support. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(6):1388 View
  16. Ghanem Y, Rouhi A, Al-Houssan A, Saleh Z, Moccia M, Joshi H, Dumon K, Hong Y, Spitz F, Joshi A, Kwiatt M. Dr. Google to Dr. ChatGPT: assessing the content and quality of artificial intelligence-generated medical information on appendicitis. Surgical Endoscopy 2024;38(5):2887 View
  17. Chiu T, Ahmad Z, Ismailov M, Sanusi I. What are artificial intelligence literacy and competency? A comprehensive framework to support them. Computers and Education Open 2024;6:100171 View
  18. Kaba E, Solak M, Çeliker F. The Role of Prompt Engineering in Radiology Applications of Generative AI. Academic Radiology 2024;31(6):2641 View
  19. Sarangi P, Mondal H. Response Generated by Large Language Models Depends on the Structure of the Prompt. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 2024;34(03):574 View
  20. Chen J, Granet D. Prompt Engineering: Helping ChatGPT Respond Better to Patients and Parents. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus 2024;61(2):148 View
  21. Sewunetie W, Kovács L. Exploring Sentence Parsing: OpenAI API-Based and Hybrid Parser-Based Approaches. IEEE Access 2024;12:38801 View
  22. Kaba E, Vogl T. RE: Accuracy of Large Language Models in Answering ESUR Guidelines on Contrast Media-Related Questions. Academic Radiology 2024;31(7):3073 View
  23. Caglayan A, Slusarczyk W, Rabbani R, Ghose A, Papadopoulos V, Boussios S. Large Language Models in Oncology: Revolution or Cause for Concern?. Current Oncology 2024;31(4):1817 View
  24. Huang Y, Wu R, He J, Xiang Y. Evaluating ChatGPT-4.0’s data analytic proficiency in epidemiological studies: A comparative analysis with SAS, SPSS, and R. Journal of Global Health 2024;14 View
  25. Cheng J. Applications of Large Language Models in Pathology. Bioengineering 2024;11(4):342 View
  26. Lin K, Chen T, Lin M, Chen Y, Chen T. Integration and Assessment of ChatGPT in Medical Case Reporting: A Multifaceted Approach. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 2024;14(4):888 View
  27. Artsi Y, Sorin V, Konen E, Glicksberg B, Nadkarni G, Klang E. Large language models for generating medical examinations: systematic review. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  28. Frank J, Merseburger A, Landmesser J, Brozat-Essen S, Schramm P, Freimann L, Kleehaus A, Elsner C. Large Language Modelle zur schnellen Vereinfachung der Eingabe von Qualitätssicherungsdaten: Performance-Test mit Echtdaten am Beispiel der Tumordokumentation in der Urologie. Aktuelle Urologie 2024;55(05):415 View
  29. Zheng Y, Stewart N. Improving EFL students’ cultural awareness: Reframing moral dilemmatic stories with ChatGPT. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 2024;6:100223 View
  30. Payne D, Purohit K, Borrero W, Chung K, Hao M, Mpoy M, Jin M, Prasanna P, Hill V. Performance of GPT-4 on the American College of Radiology In-training Examination: Evaluating Accuracy, Model Drift, and Fine-tuning. Academic Radiology 2024;31(7):3046 View
  31. Braunheim D, Martin De Los Santos Kleinz L, Trierweiler L. Differences in source selection and their effect on the quality of written statements during a critical online reasoning performance assessment. Frontiers in Computer Science 2024;6 View
  32. Clark T, Fhaner M, Stoltzfus M, Queen M. Using ChatGPT to Support Lesson Planning for the Historical Experiments of Thomson, Millikan, and Rutherford. Journal of Chemical Education 2024;101(5):1992 View
  33. Chen J, Granet D. Further Reflections on the Use of Large Language Models in Pediatrics. JAMA Pediatrics 2024;178(6):629 View
  34. Yilmaz Muluk S. Enhancing Musculoskeletal Injection Safety: Evaluating Checklists Generated by Artificial Intelligence and Revising the Preformed Checklist. Cureus 2024 View
  35. Noda M, Yoshimura H, Okubo T, Koshu R, Uchiyama Y, Nomura A, Ito M, Takumi Y. Feasibility of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Using GPT-4 Vision for the Classification of Middle Ear Disease: Qualitative Study and Validation. JMIR AI 2024;3:e58342 View
  36. Cesur T, Güneş Y. Optimizing Diagnostic Performance of ChatGPT: The Impact of Prompt Engineering on Thoracic Radiology Cases. Cureus 2024 View
  37. Venerito V, Lalwani D, Del Vescovo S, Iannone F, Gupta L. Prompt engineering: The next big skill in rheumatology research. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2024;27(5) View
  38. Habib M, Hoodbhoy Z, Siddiqui M, Silva J. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of healthcare students and professionals on the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare in Pakistan. PLOS Digital Health 2024;3(5):e0000443 View
  39. Perez-Lopez R, Ghaffari Laleh N, Mahmood F, Kather J. A guide to artificial intelligence for cancer researchers. Nature Reviews Cancer 2024;24(6):427 View
  40. Dos Santos F, Johnson L, Madandola O, Priola K, Yao Y, Macieira T, Keenan G. An example of leveraging AI for documentation: ChatGPT-generated nursing care plan for an older adult with lung cancer. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(9):2089 View
  41. Laohawetwanit T, Apornvirat S, Kantasiripitak C. ChatGPT as a teaching tool: Preparing pathology residents for board examination with AI-generated digestive system pathology tests. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 2024;162(5):471 View
  42. Hassani H, Silva E. Predictions from Generative Artificial Intelligence Models: Towards a New Benchmark in Forecasting Practice. Information 2024;15(6):291 View
  43. Shukla A, Terziyan V, Tiihonen T. AI as a user of AI: Towards responsible autonomy. Heliyon 2024;10(11):e31397 View
  44. Wu Q, Wu Q, Li H, Wang Y, Bai Y, Wu Y, Yu X, Li X, Dong P, Xue J, Shen D, Wang M. Evaluating Large Language Models for Automated Reporting and Data Systems Categorization: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e55799 View
  45. Leypold T, Lingens L, Beier J, Boos A. Integrating AI in Lipedema Management: Assessing the Efficacy of GPT-4 as a Consultation Assistant. Life 2024;14(5):646 View
  46. Wong K, Fayngersh A, Traba C, Cennimo D, Kothari N, Chen S. Using ChatGPT in the Development of Clinical Reasoning Cases: A Qualitative Study. Cureus 2024 View
  47. Collier Z, Gruss R, Abrahams A. How good are large language models at product risk assessment?. Risk Analysis 2025;45(4):766 View
  48. Sasson Lazovsky G, Raz T, Kenett Y. The Art of Creative Inquiry—From Question Asking to Prompt Engineering. The Journal of Creative Behavior 2025;59(1) View
  49. Brandt A. Amplifying the Anomaly: How Humans Choose Unproven Options and Large Language Models Avoid Them. Creativity Research Journal 2024:1 View
  50. Carius A, Teixeira A. Artificial Intelligence and content analysis: the large language models (LLMs) and the automatized categorization. AI & SOCIETY 2025;40(4):2405 View
  51. Yao J, Aggarwal M, Lopez R, Namdari S. Large Language Models in Orthopaedics. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2024;106(15):1411 View
  52. Maharjan J, Garikipati A, Singh N, Cyrus L, Sharma M, Ciobanu M, Barnes G, Thapa R, Mao Q, Das R. OpenMedLM: prompt engineering can out-perform fine-tuning in medical question-answering with open-source large language models. Scientific Reports 2024;14(1) View
  53. Stalp J, Denecke A, Jentschke M, Hillemanns P, Klapdor R. Quality of ChatGPT-Generated Therapy Recommendations for Breast Cancer Treatment in Gynecology. Current Oncology 2024;31(7):3845 View
  54. Wang J, Li J. Artificial intelligence empowering public health education: prospects and challenges. Frontiers in Public Health 2024;12 View
  55. Apornvirat S, Thinpanja W, Damrongkiet K, Benjakul N, Laohawetwanit T. Comparing customized ChatGPT and pathology residents in histopathologic description and diagnosis of common diseases. Annals of Diagnostic Pathology 2024;73:152359 View
  56. Miao Y, Luo Y, Zhao Y, Li J, Liu M, Wang H, Chen Y, Wu Y. Performance of GPT-4 on Chinese Nursing Examination. Nurse Educator 2024;49(6):E338 View
  57. Li K, Fernandez A, Schwartz R, Rios N, Carlisle M, Amend G, Patel H, Breyer B. Comparing GPT-4 and Human Researchers in Health Care Data Analysis: Qualitative Description Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e56500 View
  58. Oami T, Okada Y, Nakada T. Performance of a Large Language Model in Screening Citations. JAMA Network Open 2024;7(7):e2420496 View
  59. Kämmer J, Hautz W, Krummrey G, Sauter T, Penders D, Birrenbach T, Bienefeld N. Effects of interacting with a large language model compared with a human coach on the clinical diagnostic process and outcomes among fourth-year medical students: study protocol for a prospective, randomised experiment using patient vignettes. BMJ Open 2024;14(7):e087469 View
  60. Riaz I, Khan M, Haddad T. Potential application of artificial intelligence in cancer therapy. Current Opinion in Oncology 2024;36(5):437 View
  61. Tuttle J, Moshirfar M, Garcia J, Altaf A, Omidvarnia S, Hoopes P. Learning the Randleman Criteria in Refractive Surgery: Utilizing ChatGPT-3.5 Versus Internet Search Engine. Cureus 2024 View
  62. Liu H, Yin H, Luo Z, Wang X. Integrating chemistry knowledge in large language models via prompt engineering. Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2025;10(1):23 View
  63. Small W, Malhotra K, Major V, Wiesenfeld B, Lewis M, Grover H, Tang H, Banerjee A, Jabbour M, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Testa P, Austrian J, Hastings J. The First Generative AI Prompt-A-Thon in Healthcare: A Novel Approach to Workforce Engagement with a Private Instance of ChatGPT. PLOS Digital Health 2024;3(7):e0000394 View
  64. Patil R, Heston T, Bhuse V. Prompt Engineering in Healthcare. Electronics 2024;13(15):2961 View
  65. Naja F, Taktouk M, Matbouli D, Khaleel S, Maher A, Uzun B, Alameddine M, Nasreddine L. Artificial intelligence chatbots for the nutrition management of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2024;78(10):887 View
  66. Leypold T, Schäfer B, Boos A, Beier J. Artificial Intelligence-Powered Hand Surgery Consultation: GPT-4 as an Assistant in a Hand Surgery Outpatient Clinic. The Journal of Hand Surgery 2024;49(11):1078 View
  67. Prescott M, Yeager S, Ham L, Rivera Saldana C, Serrano V, Narez J, Paltin D, Delgado J, Moore D, Montoya J. Comparing the Efficacy and Efficiency of Human and Generative AI: Qualitative Thematic Analyses. JMIR AI 2024;3:e54482 View
  68. Heinke A, Radgoudarzi N, Huang B, Baxter S. A review of ophthalmology education in the era of generative artificial intelligence. Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology 2024;13(4):100089 View
  69. Kikuchi T, Nakao T, Nakamura Y, Hanaoka S, Mori H, Yoshikawa T. Toward Improved Radiologic Diagnostics: Investigating the Utility and Limitations of GPT-3.5 Turbo and GPT-4 with Quiz Cases. American Journal of Neuroradiology 2024 View
  70. Wang K, Pan Z, Lu Y. From general AI to custom AI: the effects of generative conversational AI’s cognitive and emotional conversational skills on user's guidance. Kybernetes 2024 View
  71. Tian Tran J, Burghall A, Blydt-Hansen T, Cammer A, Goldberg A, Hamiwka L, Johnson C, Kehler C, Phan V, Rosaasen N, Ruhl M, Strong J, Teoh C, Wichart J, Mansell H. Exploring the ability of ChatGPT to create quality patient education resources about kidney transplant. Patient Education and Counseling 2024;129:108400 View
  72. Urquhart E, Ryan J, Hartigan S, Nita C, Hanley C, Moran P, Bates J, Jooste R, Judge C, Laffey J, Madden M, McNicholas B. A pilot feasibility study comparing large language models in extracting key information from ICU patient text records from an Irish population. Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 2024;12(1) View
  73. Nananukul N, Sisaengsuwanchai K, Kejriwal M. Cost-efficient prompt engineering for unsupervised entity resolution in the product matching domain. Discover Artificial Intelligence 2024;4(1) View
  74. Pandya S, Bresler T, Wilson T, Htway Z, Fujita M. Decoding the NCCN Guidelines With AI: A Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-4.0 and Llama 2 in the Management of Thyroid Carcinoma. The American Surgeon™ 2025;91(1):94 View
  75. Vidhani D, Mariappan M. Optimizing Human–AI Collaboration in Chemistry: A Case Study on Enhancing Generative AI Responses through Prompt Engineering. Chemistry 2024;6(4):723 View
  76. Chen J, Reddy A, Al-Sharif E, Shoji M, Kalaw F, Eslani M, Lang P, Arya M, Koretz Z, Bolo K, Arnett J, Roginiel A, Do J, Robbins S, Camp A, Scott N, Rudell J, Weinreb R, Baxter S, Granet D. Analysis of ChatGPT Responses to Ophthalmic Cases: Can ChatGPT Think like an Ophthalmologist?. Ophthalmology Science 2025;5(1):100600 View
  77. Špecián P. Machine Advisors: Integrating Large Language Models Into Democratic Assemblies. Social Epistemology 2024:1 View
  78. Meskó B, Kristóf T, Dhunnoo P, Árvai N, Katonai G. Exploring the Need for Medical Futures Studies: Insights From a Scoping Review of Health Care Foresight. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e57148 View
  79. Shah K, Xu A, Sharma Y, Daher M, McDonald C, Diebo B, Daniels A. Large Language Model Prompting Techniques for Advancement in Clinical Medicine. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024;13(17):5101 View
  80. Yiannakoulias N. Spatial intelligence and contextual relevance in AI-driven health information retrieval. Applied Geography 2024;171:103392 View
  81. Wang J, Shi R, Le Q, Shan K, Chen Z, Zhou X, He Y, Hong J. Evaluating the effectiveness of large language models in patient education for conjunctivitis. British Journal of Ophthalmology 2025;109(2):185 View
  82. Quah B, Zheng L, Sng T, Yong C, Islam I. Reliability of ChatGPT in automated essay scoring for dental undergraduate examinations. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  83. Urbina J, Vu P, Nguyen M. Disability Ethics and Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Identifying Ability Bias in ChatGPT and Gemini. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2025;106(1):14 View
  84. Fernández Cabrera A, García de Soto J, Santamaría Montero P, Chinea García H, Pego Reigosa R. NeuroGPT, evaluando ChatGPT: Diagnóstico y tratamiento de 72 pacientes neurológicos. Neurología Argentina 2024;16(3):136 View
  85. Nguyen D, MacKenzie A, Kim Y. Encouragement vs. liability: How prompt engineering influences ChatGPT-4's radiology exam performance. Clinical Imaging 2024;115:110276 View
  86. Leslie-Miller C, Simon S, Dean K, Mokhallati N, Cushing C. The critical need for expert oversight of ChatGPT: Prompt engineering for safeguarding child healthcare information. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2024;49(11):812 View
  87. Schumacher I, Bühler V, Jaggi D, Roth J. Artificial intelligence derived large language model in decision-making process in uveitis. International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 2024;10(1) View
  88. Desseauve D, Lescar R, de la Fourniere B, Ceccaldi P, Dziadzko M. AI in obstetrics: Evaluating residents’ capabilities and interaction strategies with ChatGPT. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2024;302:238 View
  89. Geevarghese R, Sigel C, Cadley J, Chatterjee S, Jain P, Hollingsworth A, Chatterjee A, Swinburne N, Bilal K, Marinelli B. Extraction and classification of structured data from unstructured hepatobiliary pathology reports using large language models: a feasibility study compared with rules-based natural language processing. Journal of Clinical Pathology 2025;78(2):135 View
  90. Fuentealba Cid D, Flores-Fernández C, Aguilera Eguía R. The art of prompts' formulation: limitations, potential, and practical examples in large language models. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología 2024;4 View
  91. Merlino D, Brufau S, Saieed G, Van Abel K, Price D, Archibald D, Ator G, Carlson M. Comparative Assessment of Otolaryngology Knowledge Among Large Language Models. The Laryngoscope 2025;135(2):629 View
  92. Quinn M, Milner J, Schmitt P, Morrissey P, Lemme N, Marcaccio S, DeFroda S, Tabaddor R, Owens B. Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models Address Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Superior Clarity and Completeness by Gemini Compared With ChatGPT-4 in Response to American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 2025;41(6):2002 View
  93. Odabashian R. Evaluating the methodology: Enhancing prompt engineering in assessing ChatGPT’s research capabilities. Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment 2024;7(3):380 View
  94. Zhang C, Xu Q, Yu Y, Zhou G, Zeng K, Chang F, Ding K. A survey on potentials, pathways and challenges of large language models in new-generation intelligent manufacturing. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 2025;92:102883 View
  95. Kumari K, Pahuja S, Kumar S. A Comprehensive Examination of ChatGPT's Contribution to the Healthcare Sector and Hepatology. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2024;69(11):4027 View
  96. O'Malley A, Veenhuizen M, Ahmed A. Ensuring Appropriate Representation in Artificial Intelligence–Generated Medical Imagery: Protocol for a Methodological Approach to Address Skin Tone Bias. JMIR AI 2024;3:e58275 View
  97. Mohan C, Sathvik R, Kushal C, Kiran S, Ashok Kumar A. Exploring the Future of Prompt Engineering in Healthcare: Mission and Vision, Methods, Opportunities, Challenges, Issues and Their Remedies, Contributions, Advantages, Disadvantages, Applications, and Algorithms. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025;106(2):761 View
  98. Galli C, Cusano C, Meleti M, Donos N, Calciolari E. Topic Modeling for Faster Literature Screening Using Transformer-Based Embeddings. Metrics 2024;1(1):2 View
  99. McCoy L, Ci Ng F, Sauer C, Yap Legaspi K, Jain B, Gallifant J, McClurkin M, Hammond A, Goode D, Gichoya J, Celi L. Understanding and training for the impact of large language models and artificial intelligence in healthcare practice: a narrative review. BMC Medical Education 2024;24(1) View
  100. Anders B. Student skills need to evolve to match our new AI society. Patterns 2024;5(10):101062 View
  101. Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G. Investigating the capabilities of advanced large language models in generating patient instructions and patient educational material. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 2024:ejhpharm-2024-004245 View
  102. Sujan M, Slater D, Crumpton E. How can large language models assist with a FRAM analysis?. Safety Science 2025;181:106695 View
  103. Olla P, Elliott L, Abumeeiz M, Mihelich K, Olson J. Promptology: Enhancing Human–AI Interaction in Large Language Models. Information 2024;15(10):634 View
  104. Hair J, Sabol M. Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Competitive Intelligence (CI) Research. Revista Inteligência Competitiva 2024;15:e0469 View
  105. Goh E, Gallo R, Hom J, Strong E, Weng Y, Kerman H, Cool J, Kanjee Z, Parsons A, Ahuja N, Horvitz E, Yang D, Milstein A, Olson A, Rodman A, Chen J. Large Language Model Influence on Diagnostic Reasoning. JAMA Network Open 2024;7(10):e2440969 View
  106. Clark T, Tafini N. Exploring the AI–Human Interface for Personalized Learning in a Chemical Context. Journal of Chemical Education 2024;101(11):4916 View
  107. Fangonil‐Gagalang E, Schultz M, Huryk L, Payne P, Schoenbaum A, Velez K. Precision health: Determining the capacity of practicing nurses across the United States. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 2025;57(2):314 View
  108. Chen D, Huang R, Jomy J, Wong P, Yan M, Croke J, Tong D, Hope A, Eng L, Raman S. Performance of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Evaluated on Clinical Oncology Cases. JAMA Network Open 2024;7(10):e2437711 View
  109. Samsami R. Optimizing the Utilization of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the AEC Industry: ChatGPT Prompt Engineering and Design. CivilEng 2024;5(4):971 View
  110. Kharko A, McMillan B, Hagström J, Muli I, Davidge G, Hägglund M, Blease C. Generative artificial intelligence writing open notes: A mixed methods assessment of the functionality of GPT 3.5 and GPT 4.0. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  111. Hayat J, Lari M, AlHerz M, Lari A. The Utility and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence-Powered Chatbots in Healthcare. Cureus 2024 View
  112. Asfuroğlu Z, Yağar H, Gümüşoğlu E. High accuracy but limited readability of large language model-generated responses to frequently asked questions about Kienböck’s disease. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2024;25(1) View
  113. Teckwani S, Wong A, Luke N, Low I. Accuracy and reliability of large language models in assessing learning outcomes achievement across cognitive domains. Advances in Physiology Education 2024;48(4):904 View
  114. Alli S, Hossain S, Das S, Upshur R. The Potential of Artificial Intelligence Tools for Reducing Uncertainty in Medicine and Directions for Medical Education. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e51446 View
  115. Frank J, Merseburger A, Landmesser J, Brozat-Essen S, Schramm P, Freimann L, Kleehaus A, Elsner C. Large Language Modelle zur schnellen Vereinfachung der Eingabe von Qualitätssicherungsdaten: Performance-Test mit Echtdaten am Beispiel der Tumordokumentation in der Urologie. TumorDiagnostik & Therapie 2024;45(09):617 View
  116. Ming S, Yao X, Guo X, Guo Q, Xie K, Chen D, Lei B. Performance of ChatGPT in Ophthalmic Registration and Clinical Diagnosis: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e60226 View
  117. Da Silva G, Cazella S. Large language model para geração de prontuários eletrônicos sintéticos. Journal of Health Informatics 2024;16(Especial) View
  118. Nielsen J, Chen X, Davis L, Waterman A, Gentili M. Investigating the Classification of Living Kidney Donation Experiences on Reddit and Understanding the Sensitivity of ChatGPT to Prompt Engineering: Content Analysis. JMIR AI 2025;4:e57319 View
  119. Jin A, Ye Y, Lee B, Qiao Y. DeCoAgent: Large Language Model Empowered Decentralized Autonomous Collaboration Agents Based on Smart Contracts. IEEE Access 2024;12:155234 View
  120. Oliveira A, Bessa R, Teles A. Comparative analysis of BERT-based and generative large language models for detecting suicidal ideation: a performance evaluation study. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 2024;40(10) View
  121. Rao L, Yang E, Dissanayake S, Cuomo R, Seth I, Rozen W. The use of generative artificial intelligence in surgical education: a narrative review. Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2024 View
  122. Hofmann H, Vairavamurthy J. Large language model doctor: assessing the ability of ChatGPT-4 to deliver interventional radiology procedural information to patients during the consent process. CVIR Endovascular 2024;7(1) View
  123. Li M, Wang L. Leveraging patent classification based on deep learning: The case study on smart cities and industrial Internet of Things. Journal of Informetrics 2025;19(1):101616 View
  124. Danehy T, Hecht J, Kentis S, Schechter C, Jariwala S. ChatGPT Performs Worse on USMLE-Style Ethics Questions Compared to Medical Knowledge Questions. Applied Clinical Informatics 2024;15(05):1049 View
  125. Zhang P, Shi J, Kamel Boulos M. Generative AI in Medicine and Healthcare: Moving Beyond the ‘Peak of Inflated Expectations’. Future Internet 2024;16(12):462 View
  126. Galli C, Moretti C, Calciolari E. Intelligent summaries: Will Artificial Intelligence mark the finale for biomedical literature reviews?. Learned Publishing 2025;38(1) View
  127. Balas M, Kaplan A, Esmail K, Saleh S, Sharma R, Yan P, Arjmand P. Translating ophthalmic medical jargon with artificial intelligence: a comparative comprehension study. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 2024 View
  128. Chrysafi P, Lam B, Carton S, Patell R. From Code to Clots: Applying Machine Learning to Clinical Aspects of Venous Thromboembolism Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management. Hämostaseologie 2024;44(06):429 View
  129. Dornburg A, Davin K. ChatGPT in foreign language lesson plan creation: Trends, variability, and historical biases. ReCALL 2024:1 View
  130. Anbumani S, Ahunbay E. Toward the Clinically Effective Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence–Generated Responses. JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics 2024;(8) View
  131. Dubey V, Mokashi A, Pradhan R, Kalli S, Sonar R, Parab K, Nayak T, Ranade S. Generative AI – A Catalyst in Banking and Financial Industry. Technium Business and Management 2024;10:68 View
  132. M. Foisy L, Drouin J, Pelletier C, Rivest J, Cadieux H, Dufresne Y. Ain’t no party like a GPT party: assessing OpenAI’s GPT political alignment classification capabilities. Journal of Information Technology & Politics 2024:1 View
  133. Gong E, Bang C, Lee J, Park J, Kim E, Kim S, Kimm M, Choi S. Large Language Models in Gastroenterology: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e66648 View
  134. Fung L, Laing R. A proof of concept study on the use of large language models as a client in typed role plays for training therapists. Discover Psychology 2024;4(1) View
  135. Xiao H, Zhou F, Liu X, Liu T, Li Z, Liu X, Huang X. A comprehensive survey of large language models and multimodal large language models in medicine. Information Fusion 2025;117:102888 View
  136. Pagano S, Strumolo L, Michalk K, Schiegl J, Pulido L, Reinhard J, Maderbacher G, Renkawitz T, Schuster M. Evaluating ChatGPT, Gemini and other Large Language Models (LLMs) in orthopaedic diagnostics: A prospective clinical study. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 2025;28:9 View
  137. Arvidsson R, Gunnarsson R, Entezarjou A, Sundemo D, Wikberg C. ChatGPT (GPT-4) versus doctors on complex cases of the Swedish family medicine specialist examination: an observational comparative study. BMJ Open 2024;14(12):e086148 View
  138. Sprint G, Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Weaver R, Wiese L, Cook D. CogProg: Utilizing Large Language Models to Forecast In-the-Moment Health Assessment. ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare 2025;6(2):1 View
  139. Chang Y, Yin J, Li J, Liu C, Cao L, Lin S. Applications and Future Prospects of Medical LLMs: A Survey Based on the M-KAT Conceptual Framework. Journal of Medical Systems 2024;48(1) View
  140. Lilly J, Almanzar D, Pace S, Bryant D. Digital Zines as Mental and Sexual Health Communication Tools for Latina Teens: Format and Content Acceptability and Initial Findings. Health Promotion Practice 2024 View
  141. Camlet A, Kusiak A, Świetlik D. Application of Conversational AI Models in Decision Making for Clinical Periodontology: Analysis and Predictive Modeling. AI 2025;6(1):3 View
  142. Yoşumaz İ. Prompt Engineering Awareness: A Study on Google Trends Data. Uluslararası Sosyal ve Ekonomik Çalışmalar Dergisi 2024;5(2):248 View
  143. Galli C, Colangelo M, Meleti M, Guizzardi S, Calciolari E. Topic Analysis of the Literature Reveals the Research Structure: A Case Study in Periodontics. Big Data and Cognitive Computing 2025;9(1):7 View
  144. Elsharif W, Alzubaidi M, She J, Agus M. Visualizing Ambiguity: Analyzing Linguistic Ambiguity Resolution in Text-to-Image Models. Computers 2025;14(1):19 View
  145. Sequí-Sabater J, Benavent D. Artificial intelligence in rheumatology research: what is it good for?. RMD Open 2025;11(1):e004309 View
  146. Bai X, Huang S, Wei C, Wang R. Collaboration between intelligent agents and large language models: A novel approach for enhancing code generation capability. Expert Systems with Applications 2025;269:126357 View
  147. Saha K, Jain Y, Liu C, Kaliappan S, Karkar R. AI vs. Humans for Online Support: Comparing the Language of Responses from LLMs and Online Communities of Alzheimer’s Disease. ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare 2025 View
  148. Yılmaz Muluk S, Altuntaş V, Duman Şahin Z. A New Approach: Generative Artificial Intelligence in Physiatry Resident Education. Medical Records 2025;7(1):120 View
  149. Siemens W, von Elm E, Binder H, Böhringer D, Eisele-Metzger A, Gartlehner G, Hanegraaf P, Metzendorf M, Mosselman J, Nowak A, Qureshi R, Thomas J, Waffenschmidt S, Labonté V, Meerpohl J. Opportunities, challenges and risks of using artificial intelligence for evidence synthesis. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2025:bmjebm-2024-113320 View
  150. Ensina L, Machado M, Marques J, dos Santos M, Lario F, Araújo C, Oliveira F, Moreira D. Artificial intelligence for detecting anaphylaxis in electronic medical records. Asia Pacific Allergy 2025 View
  151. Qiu Y, Liu C. Capable exam-taker and question-generator: the dual role of generative AI in medical education assessment. Global Medical Education 2025 View
  152. Hofeditz L, Jung A, Mirbabaie M, Stieglitz S. Ethical Guidelines for the Application of Generative AI in German Journalism. Digital Society 2025;4(1) View
  153. Saraiva M, Ribeiro T, Agudo B, Afonso J, Mendes F, Martins M, Cardoso P, Mota J, Almeida M, Costa A, Gonzalez Haba Ruiz M, Widmer J, Moura E, Javed A, Manzione T, Nadal S, Barroso L, de Parades V, Ferreira J, Macedo G. Evaluating ChatGPT-4 for the Interpretation of Images from Several Diagnostic Techniques in Gastroenterology. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2025;14(2):572 View
  154. Ammo T, Guillaume V, Hofmann U, Ulmer N, Buenting N, Laenger F, Beier J, Leypold T. Evaluating ChatGPT-4o as a decision support tool in multidisciplinary sarcoma tumor boards: heterogeneous performance across various specialties. Frontiers in Oncology 2025;14 View
  155. Todorov D, Park J, Hing Cheung J, Avramidou E, Gnanappiragasam D. Assessing the readability of dermatological patient information leaflets generated by ChatGPT-4 and its associated plugins. Skin Health and Disease 2025;5(1):14 View
  156. Wang Y, Shen H, Chen T, Chiang S, Lin T. Performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in the Taiwan National Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparative Evaluation Study. JMIR Medical Education 2025;11:e56850 View
  157. Yamagishi Y, Nakamura Y, Hanaoka S, Abe O. Large Language Model Approach for Zero-Shot Information Extraction and Clustering of Japanese Radiology Reports: Algorithm Development and Validation. JMIR Cancer 2025;11:e57275 View
  158. Kumar A, Wang H, Muir K, Mishra V, Engelhard M. A Cross-Sectional Study of GPT-4–Based Plain Language Translation of Clinical Notes to Improve Patient Comprehension of Disease Course and Management. NEJM AI 2025;2(2) View
  159. Doreswamy N, Horstmanshof L. Generative AI Decision-Making Attributes in Complex Health Services: A Rapid Review. Cureus 2025 View
  160. De Duro E, Improta R, Stella M. Introducing CounseLLMe: A dataset of simulated mental health dialogues for comparing LLMs like Haiku, LLaMAntino and ChatGPT against humans. Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health 2025;5:100170 View
  161. Doerr M, Meeder S. Group Risks: Thinking Outside the Box. The American Journal of Bioethics 2025;25(2):61 View
  162. Maaz S, Palaganas J, Palaganas G, Bajwa M. A guide to prompt design: foundations and applications for healthcare simulationists. Frontiers in Medicine 2025;11 View
  163. Yang X, Li T, Wang H, Zhang R, Ni Z, Liu N, Zhai H, Zhao J, Meng F, Zhou Z, Tang S, Wang L, Wang X, Luo H, Ren G, Zhang L, Kang X, Wang J, Bo N, Yang X, Xue W, Zhang X, Chen N, Guo R, Li B, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang T, Liang S, Lv Y, Nie Y, Fan D, Zhao L, Pan Y. Multiple large language models versus experienced physicians in diagnosing challenging cases with gastrointestinal symptoms. npj Digital Medicine 2025;8(1) View
  164. Ding H, Xia W, Zhou Y, Wei L, Feng Y, Wang Z, Song X, Li R, Mao Q, Chen B, Wang H, Huang X, Zhu B, Jiang D, Sun J, Dong G, Jiang F. Evaluation and practical application of prompt-driven ChatGPTs for EMR generation. npj Digital Medicine 2025;8(1) View
  165. Waldock W, Lam G, Baptista A, Walls R, Sam A. Which curriculum components do medical students find most helpful for evaluating AI outputs?. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  166. Huo B, Boyle A, Marfo N, Tangamornsuksan W, Steen J, McKechnie T, Lee Y, Mayol J, Antoniou S, Thirunavukarasu A, Sanger S, Ramji K, Guyatt G. Large Language Models for Chatbot Health Advice Studies. JAMA Network Open 2025;8(2):e2457879 View
  167. Goh E, Gallo R, Strong E, Weng Y, Kerman H, Freed J, Cool J, Kanjee Z, Lane K, Parsons A, Ahuja N, Horvitz E, Yang D, Milstein A, Olson A, Hom J, Chen J, Rodman A. GPT-4 assistance for improvement of physician performance on patient care tasks: a randomized controlled trial. Nature Medicine 2025;31(4):1233 View
  168. Dauphin B, Siefert C. From Llama to language: prompt-engineering allows general-purpose artificial intelligence to rate narratives like expert psychologists. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2025;8 View
  169. Lam B, Wang P, Ma S, Jafari O, Kovalenko I, Li A. Large language models for chart review: how machine learning can accelerate hematology research. Blood Vessels, Thrombosis & Hemostasis 2025;2(1):100052 View
  170. Zhao Q, Wang H, Wang R, Cao H. Deriving insights from enhanced accuracy: Leveraging prompt engineering in custom GPT for assessing Chinese Nursing Licensing Exam. Nurse Education in Practice 2025;84:104284 View
  171. Wickramasekara A, Breitinger F, Scanlon M. Exploring the potential of large language models for improving digital forensic investigation efficiency. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation 2025;52:301859 View
  172. Geevarghese R, Solomon S, Alexander E, Marinelli B, Chatterjee S, Jain P, Cadley J, Hollingsworth A, Chatterjee A, Ziv E. Utility of a Large Language Model for Extraction of Clinical Findings from Healthcare Data following Lung Ablation: A Feasibility Study. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 2025;36(4):704 View
  173. Sa-ngiamwibool P, Laohawetwanit T. Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Human Expertise in Diagnosing Primary Liver Carcinoma: A Focus on Gross Morphology. Siriraj Medical Journal 2025;77(2):119 View
  174. Mahedia M, Rohrich R, Sadiq K, Bailey L, Harrison L, Hallac R. Exploring the Utility of ChatGPT in Cleft Lip Repair Education. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2025;14(3):993 View
  175. Lee D, Palmer E. Prompt engineering in higher education: a systematic review to help inform curricula. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education 2025;22(1) View
  176. Kottlors J, Hahnfeldt R, Görtz L, Iuga A, Fervers P, Bremm J, Zopfs D, Laukamp K, Onur O, Lennartz S, Schönfeld M, Maintz D, Kabbasch C, Persigehl T, Schlamann M. Large Language Models–Supported Thrombectomy Decision-Making in Acute Ischemic Stroke Based on Radiology Reports: Feasibility Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e48328 View
  177. Yang H, Li J, Zhang C, Sierra A, Shen B. Large Language Model–Driven Knowledge Graph Construction in Sepsis Care Using Multicenter Clinical Databases: Development and Usability Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e65537 View
  178. Satyadhar Joshi . Retraining US Workforce in the Age of Agentic Gen AI: Role of Prompt Engineering and Up-Skilling Initiatives. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology 2025:543 View
  179. Fahland D, Fournier F, Limonad L, Skarbovsky I, Swevels A. How well can a large language model explain business processes as perceived by users?. Data & Knowledge Engineering 2025;157:102416 View
  180. Zhi N, Zhang Y, Cao W, Xiao J, Li J, Li H, Xie X, Ren R, Geng J, Wang G. Findings from a social media listening study on Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease: a content analysis. General Psychiatry 2025;38(1):e101794 View
  181. Park S, Langlotz C. Crucial Role of Understanding in Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction for Successful Clinical Adoption. Korean Journal of Radiology 2025;26(4):287 View
  182. Dai Z, Wang F, Shen C, Ji Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Pu Q. Accuracy of Large Language Models for Literature Screening in Thoracic Surgery: Diagnostic Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e67488 View
  183. Turner J. Intuitive Human–Artificial Intelligence Theranostic Complementarity. Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 2025;40(3):153 View
  184. Phu J, Wang H, Kalloniatis M. Re: ‘Using ChatGPT-4 in visual field test assessment’. Clinical and Experimental Optometry 2025:1 View
  185. Weissman G, Mankowitz T, Kanter G. Unregulated large language models produce medical device-like output. npj Digital Medicine 2025;8(1) View
  186. van der Vet I, Malkki L. Copilot in service: Exploring the potential of the large language model-based chatbots for fostering evaluation culture in preventing and countering violent extremism. Open Research Europe 2025;5:65 View
  187. Uddin J, Feng C, Xu J. Health Communication on the Internet: Promoting Public Health and Exploring Disparities in the Generative AI Era. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e66032 View
  188. Kim T, Makutonin M, Sirous R, Javan R. Optimizing Large Language Models in Radiology and Mitigating Pitfalls: Prompt Engineering and Fine-tuning. RadioGraphics 2025;45(4) View
  189. Leypold T, Bahm J, Beier J, Guillaume V, Ammo T, Lauer H, Kolbenschlag J, Schäfer B. Evaluating ChatGPT o1’s Capabilities in Peripheral Nerve Surgery: Advancing Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Practice. World Neurosurgery 2025;196:123753 View
  190. Sharp K, Ouellette R, Singh R, DeVito E, Kamdar N, de la Noval A, Murthy D, Kong G. Generative artificial intelligence and machine learning methods to screen social media content. PeerJ Computer Science 2025;11:e2710 View
  191. Huh K, Song I, Kim Y, Park J, Ryu H, Koh J, Yu K, Kim K, Lee S. Exploration of Using an Open‐Source Large Language Model for Analyzing Trial Information: A Case Study of Clinical Trials With Decentralized Elements. Clinical and Translational Science 2025;18(3) View
  192. Colangelo M, Guizzardi S, Meleti M, Calciolari E, Galli C. How to Write Effective Prompts for Screening Biomedical Literature Using Large Language Models. BioMedInformatics 2025;5(1):15 View
  193. Pastrak M, Kajitani S, Goodings A, Drewek A, LaFree A, Murphy A. Evaluation of ChatGPT Performance on Emergency Medicine Board Examination Questions: Observational Study. JMIR AI 2025;4:e67696 View
  194. Dietrich N. Navigating the Noise: Thoughtful Artificial Intelligence Engagement in Medicine and Radiology. American Journal of Roentgenology 2025 View
  195. Zhou J, Zhang J, Wan R, Cui X, Liu Q, Guo H, Shi X, Fu B, Meng J, Yue B, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Integrating AI into clinical education: evaluating general practice trainees’ proficiency in distinguishing AI-generated hallucinations and impacting factors. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  196. Beltramin D, Bousquet C. Comment on: “Evaluating the Accuracy of Responses by Large Language Models for Information on Disease Epidemiology”. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2025;34(3) View
  197. Ah-thiane L, Heudel P, Campone M, Robert M, Brillaud-Meflah V, Rousseau C, Le Blanc-Onfroy M, Tomaszewski F, Supiot S, Perennec T, Mervoyer A, Frenel J. Large Language Models as Decision-Making Tools in Oncology: Comparing Artificial Intelligence Suggestions and Expert Recommendations. JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics 2025;(9) View
  198. Gotlib-Małkowska J, Cieślak I, Jaworski M, Panczyk M. Evidence-based advanced prompt engineeringin nursing research: quality analysisof ChatGPT-generated Boolean search query. Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 2025;24(1):9 View
  199. Keasler P, Chan J, Sng B. Effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in providing labor epidural analgesia information: are we there yet?. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 2025;62:104353 View
  200. Xue J, Wang Z, Chen N, Wu Y, Shen Z, Shao Y, Zhou H, Li Z. Evaluating multimodal ChatGPT for emergency decision-making of ocular trauma cases. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 2025;13 View
  201. Mulleners S, Juncker H, Zuiderveld J, Ziesemer K, van Goudoever J, van Keulen B. Safety and Efficacy of Vaccination During Lactation: A Comprehensive Review of Vaccines for Maternal and Infant Health Utilizing a Large Language Model Citation Screening System. Vaccines 2025;13(4):350 View
  202. Logan J, Sadhu S, Hazlewood C, Denton M, Burke S, Simone-Soule C, Black C, Ciaverelli C, Stulb J, Nourzadeh H, Vinogradskiy Y, Leader A, Dicker A, Choi W, Simone N. Bridging Gaps in Cancer Care: Utilizing Large Language Models for Accessible Dietary Recommendations. Nutrients 2025;17(7):1176 View
  203. Viveros-Muñoz R, Carrasco-Sáez J, Contreras-Saavedra C, San-Martín-Quiroga S, Contreras-Saavedra C. Does the Grammatical Structure of Prompts Influence the Responses of Generative Artificial Intelligence? An Exploratory Analysis in Spanish. Applied Sciences 2025;15(7):3882 View
  204. Triola M, Rodman A. Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence Into Medical Education: Curriculum, Policy, and Governance Strategies. Academic Medicine 2025;100(4):413 View
  205. Grothey B, Odenkirchen J, Brkic A, Schömig-Markiefka B, Quaas A, Büttner R, Tolkach Y. Comprehensive testing of large language models for extraction of structured data in pathology. Communications Medicine 2025;5(1) View
  206. Ke Y, Jin L, Elangovan K, Abdullah H, Liu N, Sia A, Soh C, Tung J, Ong J, Kuo C, Wu S, Kovacheva V, Ting D. Retrieval augmented generation for 10 large language models and its generalizability in assessing medical fitness. npj Digital Medicine 2025;8(1) View
  207. Abdelouahed M, Yateem D, Amzil C, Aribi I, Abdelwahed E, Fredericks S. Integrating artificial intelligence into public health education and healthcare: insights from the COVID-19 and monkeypox crises for future pandemic readiness. Frontiers in Education 2025;10 View
  208. Manley K, Salingaros S, Fuchsman A, Dong X, Spector J. Using ChatGPT to write a literature review on autologous fat grafting. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 2025;105:292 View
  209. Lafourcade C, Kérourédan O, Ballester B, Richert R. Accuracy, consistency, and contextual understanding of large language models in restorative dentistry and endodontics. Journal of Dentistry 2025;157:105764 View
  210. van der Vet I, Malkki L. Copilot in service: Exploring the potential of the large language model-based chatbots for fostering evaluation culture in preventing and countering violent extremism. Open Research Europe 2025;5:65 View
  211. Essis M, Hartman H, Tung W, Oh I, Peden S, Gianakos A. Comparison of ChatGPT's Diagnostic and Management Accuracy of Foot and Ankle Bone–Related Pathologies to Orthopaedic Surgeons. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2025 View
  212. Chen D, Avison K, Alnassar S, Huang R, Raman S. Medical accuracy of artificial intelligence chatbots in oncology: a scoping review. The Oncologist 2025;30(4) View
  213. Ma Q, Peng W, Yang C, Shen H, Koedinger K, Wu T. What Should We Engineer in Prompts? Training Humans in Requirement-Driven LLM Use. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 2025 View
  214. Shan G, Chen X, Wang C, Liu L, Gu Y, Jiang H, Shi T. Comparing Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Professionals and Large Language Models: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Medical Informatics 2025;13:e64963 View
  215. Mohanty P, Anand John Francis S, Barik R, Reddy K, Sinha Roy D, Saikia M. IMPACT: an interactive multi-disease prevention and counterfactual treatment system using explainable AI and a multimodal LLM. PeerJ Computer Science 2025;11:e2839 View
  216. Shen M, Shen Y, Liu F, Jin J. Prompts, privacy, and personalized learning: integrating AI into nursing education—a qualitative study. BMC Nursing 2025;24(1) View
  217. Yamagishi Y, Hanaoka S, Kikuchi T, Nakao T, Nakamura Y, Nomura Y, Miki S, Yoshikawa T, Abe O. Using Segment Anything Model 2 for Zero-Shot 3D Segmentation of Abdominal Organs in Computed Tomography Scans to Adapt Video Tracking Capabilities for 3D Medical Imaging: Algorithm Development and Validation. JMIR AI 2025;4:e72109 View
  218. Galli C, Gavrilova A, Calciolari E. Large Language Models in Systematic Review Screening: Opportunities, Challenges, and Methodological Considerations. Information 2025;16(5):378 View
  219. Li H, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Yu S, Wang F, Chen S, Lim C. Dynamic personalized health management through the Health Assistant AI Fusion Framework. Information Fusion 2025;123:103263 View
  220. Riedel M, Meyer B, Kfuri Rubens R, Riedel C, Amann N, Kiechle M, Riedel F. AI‐driven simplification of surgical reports in gynecologic oncology: A potential tool for patient education. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2025;104(7):1373 View
  221. Sumner B, Martin R, Gladman T, Wilkinson T, Grainger R. Understanding the gap: a balanced multi-perspective approach to defining essential digital health competencies for medical graduates. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  222. Chen R, Zhang S, Zheng Y, Yu Q, Wang C. Enhancing treatment decision-making for low back pain: a novel framework integrating large language models with retrieval-augmented generation technology. Frontiers in Medicine 2025;12 View
  223. Chen X, Fan G, Roberts E, Howell Jr S. An Intelligent Assistive Technology to Support In-Home Activities of Daily Living for People with Mild Dementia. Journal of Advances in Information Technology 2025;16(5):676 View
  224. Soroudi D, Rouhani D, Patel A, Sadjadi R, Behnam-Hanona R, Oleck N, Falade I, Piper M, Hansen S. Dall-E in hand surgery: Exploring the utility of ChatGPT image generation. Surgery Open Science 2025;26:64 View
  225. Ganzinger M, Kunz N, Fuchs P, Lyu C, Loos M, Dugas M, Pausch T. Automated generation of discharge summaries: leveraging large language models with clinical data. Scientific Reports 2025;15(1) View
  226. Luo X, Tham Y, Giuffrè M, Ranisch R, Daher M, Lam K, Eriksen A, Hsu C, Ozaki A, Moraes F, Khanna S, Su K, Begagić E, Bian Z, Chen Y, Estill J. Reporting guideline for the use of Generative Artificial intelligence tools in MEdical Research: the GAMER Statement. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2025:bmjebm-2025-113825 View
  227. Chen D, Chauhan K, Parsa R, Liu Z, Liu F, Mak E, Eng L, Hannon B, Croke J, Hope A, Fallah-Rad N, Wong P, Raman S. Patient perceptions of empathy in physician and artificial intelligence chatbot responses to patient questions about cancer. npj Digital Medicine 2025;8(1) View
  228. Namanya D, Talibong M. Harnessing the Potential of AI Tools for Student Thesis Research and Writing: An Appreciative Inquiry. Pan-African Journal of Education and Social Sciences 2025;6(1):30 View
  229. Vijayan R, Vengathattil S. Using the Right Tool: Prompt Engineering vs. Model Tuning. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 2025:274 View
  230. M'gadzah S, O'Malley A. Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy of Ophthalmological Conditions with Complex Prompts in GPT-4: A Comparative Analysis of Global and LMIC-Specific Pathologies (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2024 View
  231. Cross J, Kayalackakom T, Robinson R, Vaughans A, Sebastian R, Hood R, Lewis C, Devaraju S, Honnavar P, Naik S, Joseph J, Anand N, Mohammed A, Johnson A, Cohen E, Adeniji T, Nnenna Nnaji A, George J. Assessing ChatGPT’s Capability as a New Age Standardized Patient: Qualitative Study. JMIR Medical Education 2025;11:e63353 View
  232. Runyon C. Using large language models (LLMs) to apply analytic rubrics to score post-encounter notes. Medical Teacher 2025:1 View
  233. Agbareia R, Omar M, Zloto O, Glicksberg B, Nadkarni G, Klang E. Multimodal LLMs for retinal disease diagnosis via OCT: few-shot versus single-shot learning. Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 2025;17 View
  234. Radi M, Omar N, Kaur W. Syntactic-Guided Chain of Thought for Iterative Implicit and Explicit Target Detection in Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis. IEEE Access 2025;13:84738 View
  235. Jin Z, Abola R, Bargnes V, Tsivitis A, Rahman S, Schwartz J, Bergese S, Schabel J. The utility of generative artificial intelligence Chatbot (ChatGPT) in generating teaching and learning material for anesthesiology residents. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2025;8 View
  236. Dastani M, Mardaneh J, Rostamian M. Large language models’ capabilities in responding to tuberculosis medical questions: testing ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot. Scientific Reports 2025;15(1) View
  237. Olivier T, Ma Z, Patel A, Shi W, Murtuza M, Hatchard N, Pan X, Annaswamy T. Assessing ChatGPT responses to patient questions on epidural steroid injections: A comparative study of general vs specific queries. Interventional Pain Medicine 2025;4(2):100592 View
  238. Mao C, Li J, Pang P, Zhu Q, Chen R. Identifying Kidney Stone Risk Factors Through Patient Experiences With a Large Language Model: Text Analysis and Empirical Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e66365 View
  239. Azar W, Junkin D, Hesswani C, Koller C, Parikh S, Schuppe K, Williams N, Nethala D, Mendhiratta N, Kenigsberg A, Turkbey B, Merino M, Zaki G, Cortner J, Gurram S, Pinto P. LLM-Mediated Data Extraction from Patient Records after Radical Prostatectomy. NEJM AI 2025;2(6) View
  240. Soares Monteiro E, Sanches Banhos Filho F, Luiz Pedroso Pires I, Felix Silva B, Eloisa Mignoni M. ANÁLISE VISUAL DE DADOS POPULACIONAIS DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO USANDO LLM. RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218 2025;6(6):e666443 View
  241. Wu H, Zerner T, Lee D, Court-Kowalski S, Devitt P, Palmer E. GPT-4 versus human authors in clinically complex MCQ creation: A blinded analysis of item quality. Medical Teacher 2025:1 View
  242. Seniutis M, Gružauskas V, Sas A, Navickas V, Švažas M. Designing a framework for ethnography-driven prompt engineering in social work. Human Technology 2025;21(1):106 View
  243. Foisy L, Proulx É, Cadieux H, Gilbert J, Rivest J, Bouillon A, Dufresne Y. Prompting the Machine: Introducing an LLM Data Extraction Method for Social Scientists. Social Science Computer Review 2025 View
  244. Freire Y, Santamaría Laorden A, Orejas Pérez J, Ortiz Collado I, Gómez Sánchez M, Thuissard Vasallo I, Díaz-Flores García V, Suárez A, Kolahi J. Evaluating the influence of prompt formulation on the reliability and repeatability of ChatGPT in implant-supported prostheses. PLOS One 2025;20(5):e0323086 View
  245. Wang J, Du P, Zhao Z, Luo W, Yu Z, Yuan L. GAGPT and Its Application to the Interactive Learning of Geometric Algebra. Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras 2025;35(3) View
  246. Kang R, Xuan Z, Tong L, Wang Y, Jin S, Xiao Q. "The Winding Journey of Human-Machine Symbiosis": Nurse Researchers' Experiences and Perceptions of Generative Artificial Intelligence: Qualitative Study (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024 View
  247. Lv S, Peng L, Wu W, Yao Y, Jiao S, Hu W. Bridging language models and computational materials science: A prompt‐driven framework for material property prediction. Materials Genome Engineering Advances 2025 View
  248. Bootsma-Robroeks C, Workum J, Schuit S, Hoekman A, Mehri T, Doornberg J, van der Laan T, Schoonbeek R. AI-generated draft replies to patient messages: exploring effects of implementation. Frontiers in Digital Health 2025;7 View
  249. Su H, Sun Y, Li R, Zhang A, Yang Y, Xiao F, Duan Z, Chen J, Hu Q, Yang T, Xu B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Li Y, Li H. Large Language Models in Medical Diagnostics: Scoping Review With Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e72062 View
  250. Meyer B, Kfuri‐Rubens R, Schmidt G, Tariq M, Riedel C, Recker F, Riedel F, Kiechle M, Riedel M. Exploring the potential of AI‐powered applications for clinical decision‐making in gynecologic oncology. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 2025 View
  251. Lam B, Ma S, Kovalenko I, Wang P, Jafari O, Li A, Horng S. Using a transformer language model to curate a pulmonary embolism dataset from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV: MIMIC-IV-Ext-PE. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2025;9(4):102896 View
  252. Androulakis I, Cucurull-Sanchez L, Kondic A, Mehta K, Pichardo C, Pryor M, Renardy M. The dawn of a new era: can machine learning and large language models reshape QSP modeling?. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 2025;52(4) View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Hu Y, Kurylo A. The Role of Generative AI in the Communication Classroom. View
  2. Sarshartehrani F, Mohammadrezaei E, Behravan M, Gracanin D. Adaptive Instructional Systems. View
  3. Alter S. Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling. View
  4. Shan R, Youssef A. Intelligent Computer Mathematics. View
  5. Vakharia P, Kufeldt A, Meyers M, Lane I, Gilpin L. Neural-Symbolic Learning and Reasoning. View
  6. Arinushkina A, Abramov V, Mindzaeva E. Integration Strategies of Generative AI in Higher Education. View
  7. Ganguli S. Creative Approaches to Technology-Enhanced Learning for the Workplace and Higher Education. View
  8. Lund B, Johnson K, Kaplan-Rakowski R. Transforming Special Education Through Artificial Intelligence. View
  9. Sun Y, Li X. Advanced Data Mining and Applications. View
  10. Bandi A, Zeng R. Computer Applications in Industry and Engineering. View
  11. Dayarathne R, Ranaweera U, Ganegoda U. Artificial Intelligence in Education Technologies: New Development and Innovative Practices. View
  12. Hou J, Yang F, Chen W, Wang Y, Feng J, Shi J, Fan J, Li J, Gu J, Lv S, Cen Y. Health Information Processing. Evaluation Track Papers. View
  13. Ge Z, Han N. Health Information Processing. Evaluation Track Papers. View
  14. Duan J, Tian Y, Liao Y. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Networks. View
  15. Cochrane T, Seignior D, Kok D. Best Practices in Online Education. View
  16. Chen C, Goh D. HCI International 2025 Posters. View
  17. Richie C. Oxford Intersections: AI in Society. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Chataut R, Gyawali P, Usman Y. 2024 IEEE 14th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC). Can AI Keep You Safe? A Study of Large Language Models for Phishing Detection View
  2. Szymanski A, Wimer B, Anuyah O, Eicher-Miller H, Metoyer R. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Integrating Expertise in LLMs: Crafting a Customized Nutrition Assistant with Refined Template Instructions View
  3. Ahmed A, Hou M, Xi R, Zeng X, Shah S. Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2024. Prompt-Eng: Healthcare Prompt Engineering: Revolutionizing Healthcare Applications with Precision Prompts View
  4. Prosser E, Edwards M. European Interdisciplinary Cybersecurity Conference. Helpful or Harmful? Exploring the Efficacy of Large Language Models for Online Grooming Prevention View
  5. Xie D, Bilas Pachori R, Chen L. International Conference on Image, Signal Processing, and Pattern Recognition (ISPP 2024). Prompt informativeness optimization for conditional question generation View
  6. Xu J, Zhan Z, Liang S. Proceedings of the 2024 9th International Conference on Distance Education and Learning. The Role of AI Agents in the Reconfiguration of Interdisciplinary Educational Design: An Examination of Applied Practices and Outcomes View
  7. Chen X, Fan G, Roberts E. Proceedings of the 2024 4th International Conference on Human-Machine Interaction. A ChatGPT-enabled Intelligent Assistive Technology for Homecare to Support Activities of Daily Living for People with Mild Dementia View
  8. Almuntashiri A, Ibàńez L, Chapman A. 2024 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW). LLMs for the Post-Hoc Creation of Provenance View
  9. Gomes de Siqueira A, Yao H, Bloch-elkouby S, Lawrence O, Sarli G, Rogers M, Venkatakrishnan R, Venkatakrishnan R, Galynker I, Lok B. Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality. Enhancing Virtual Human Interactions by Designing a Real-Time Dialog Filter for Mitigating Nonsensical Responses View
  10. Li X, Han Y, Liu D, An P, Niu S. Companion Publication of the 2024 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. FlowGPT: Exploring Domains, Output Modalities, and Goals of Community-Generated AI Chatbots View
  11. Chang C, Chang H, Lee H. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Systems Science and Engineering (RASSE). Leveraging Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Culturally Inclusive Hakka Chatbots: Design Insights and User Perceptions View
  12. Kruse H, Puhlfürϐ T, Maalej W. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). Can Developers Prompt? A Controlled Experiment for Code Documentation Generation View
  13. Dehkordi M, Zhou S, Perl Y, Deek F, Einstein A, Elhanan G, He Z, Liu H. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). Enhancing patient Comprehension: An effective sequential prompting approach to simplifying EHRs using LLMs View
  14. Yang S, Yuan Z, Li S, Peng R, Liu K, Yang P. 2024 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). Advancing Agricultural Decision-Making with a Multi-Dimensional Evaluation of Large Language Models for Sustainable Pest Management View
  15. Chen Y, Li Y, Yang J. 2024 IEEE 17th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP). The design of prompts driven by Chain of Thought in multicultural teaching View
  16. Chataut R, Upadhyay A, Usman Y, Nankya M, Gyawali P. 2024 8th Cyber Security in Networking Conference (CSNet). Spam No More: A Cross-Model Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques and Large Language Model Efficacies View
  17. Ringenberg T, Bhardwaj N, Kim N, Thomas P. 2024 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). Fostering AI Literacy Through Simple Prompting Exercises Using Dall-E View
  18. Ramasamy V, Ramamoorthy S, Walia G, Kulpinski E, Antreassian A. 2024 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). Enhancing User Story Generation in Agile Software Development Through Open AI and Prompt Engineering View
  19. Trad F, Chehab A. 2025 8th International Conference on Data Science and Machine Learning Applications (CDMA). Manual Prompt Engineering is Not Dead: A Case Study on Large Language Models for Code Vulnerability Detection with DSPy View
  20. Liu M, Petridis S, Tsai V, Fiannaca A, Olwal A, Terry M, Cai C. Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. Gensors: Authoring Personalized Visual Sensors with Multimodal Foundation Models and Reasoning View
  21. Weerathunge T, Jayalal S, Wijayasiriwardhane K. 2025 5th International Conference on Advanced Research in Computing (ICARC). Optimizing Response Consistency of Large Language Models in Medical Education through Prompt Engineering View
  22. Shin S, Oh J, Lee S. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Can LLMs See What I See? A Study on Five Prompt Engineering Techniques for Evaluating UX on a Shopping Site View
  23. Jackson J. 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). “Who's Doing the Thinking Here?”: A Pedagogy-First Approach to Integrating Large Language Models in Higher Education View
  24. Samir A, Rahman M. 2025 IEEE/ACM 33rd International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC). Improved IR-Based Bug Localization with Intelligent Relevance Feedback View