Chatbots and Conversational Agents

Standardizing and Scaffolding Health Care AI-Chatbot Evaluation: Systematic Review

Yining Hua, Winna Xia, David Bates, George Luke Hartstein, Hyungjin Tom Kim, Michael Li, Benjamin W Nelson, Charles Stromeyer IV, Darlene King, Jina Suh, Li Zhou, John Torous

JMIR AI 2025 (Nov 07); 4:e69006

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A Prompt Engineering Framework for Large Language Model–Based Mental Health Chatbots: Conceptual Framework

Sorio Boit, Rajvardhan Patil

JMIR Ment Health 2025 (Nov 07); 12:e75078

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Natural Language AI Models and Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Can Chatbots Help With Diabetes Self-Management and Patient Education?

Flavia Voiculescu, Paul Darvasi, Esli Osmanlliu, Preetha Krishnamoorthy, Angeliki Makri

JMIR Diabetes 2025 (Nov 07); 10:e76986

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Digital Conversational Agents for the Mental Health of Treatment-Seeking Youth: Scoping Review

Lisa D Hawke, Jingyi Hou, Anh T P Nguyen, Thalia Phi, Jamie Gibson, Brian Ritchie, Gillian Strudwick, Terri Rodak, Louise Gallagher

JMIR Ment Health 2025 (Nov 07); 12:e77098

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Cultural Feasibility of Conversational Robots for Dementia Care in India: Participatory Design Study

Maria R Lima, Nivedhitha Srinivasan, Sarah Daniels, Sridhar Vaitheswaran, Ravi Vaidyanathan

J Particip Med 2025 (Nov 06); 17:e80457

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Effectiveness of Communication Competence in AI Conversational Agents for Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jiaqi Qin, Yuanfeixue Nan, Zichao Li, Jingbo Meng

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 03); 27:e76296

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Preprocessing Large-Scale Conversational Datasets: A Framework and Its Application to Behavioral Health Transcripts

Paz Mor Naim, Shiri Sadeh-Sharvit, Samuel Jefroykin, Eddie Silber, Dennis P Morrison, Ariel Goldstein

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Oct 24); 9:e78082

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Development and Evaluation of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation Chatbot for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Patient Education: Mixed-Methods Study

David Baur, Jörg Ansorg, Christoph-Eckhard Heyde, Anna Voelker

JMIR AI 2025 (Oct 23); 4:e75262

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Exploring Patient Perspectives, Engagement, and Output Quality in Doctor-Supervised Use of Artificial Intelligence During Informed Consent Consultation With ChatGPT and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG): Quantitative Exploratory Study

Sascha Donner, Poroshista Knauer, Arne Kienzle, Jesse Dinneen, Joost Burger, Carsten Perka, Stefanie Donner

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Oct 22); 27:e73717

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Implementation of a Digital Health Intervention (CHAMP) for Self-Monitoring of Hypertension: Protocol for 3 Interlinked Implementation Studies

Laura Martinengo, Ngoc Huong Lien Ha, Eugene Tay, Shao Chuen Tong, Nick Sevdalis

JMIR Res Protoc 2025 (Oct 17); 14:e72942

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Use of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Conversational Agents to Improve Patient Experience Related to Physicians: Cross-Sectional Study in China

Dehe Li, Heman Zhang, Chuntao Lu, Chunxia Miao

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Oct 17); 27:e76540

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Human-Delivered Conversation Versus AI Chatbot Conversation in Increasing Heart Attack Knowledge in Women in the United States: Quasi-Experimental Studies

Diane Dagyong Kim, Jingwen Zhang, Kenji Sagae, Holli A Devon, Thomas J Hoffmann, Lauren Rountree, Yoshimi Fukuoka

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Oct 17); 27:e73184

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Development of a Conversational Artificial Intelligence–Based Web Application for Medical Consultations: Prototype Study

Jorge Guerra Pires

JMIRx Med 2025 (Oct 15); 6:e56090

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AI HeartBot to Increase Women’s Awareness and Knowledge of Heart Attacks: Nonrandomized, Quasi-Experimental Study

Yoshimi Fukuoka, Diane Dagyong Kim, Jingwen Zhang, Thomas J Hoffmann, Holli A DeVon, Kenji Sagae

JMIR Cardio 2025 (Oct 15); 9:e80407

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Conversational Artificial Intelligence for Integrating Social Determinants, Genomics, and Clinical Data in Precision Medicine: Development and Implementation Study of the AI-HOPE-PM System

Ei-Wen Yang, Brigette Waldrup, Enrique Velazquez-Villarreal

JMIR Bioinform Biotech 2025 (Oct 10); 6:e76553

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The Digital Therapeutic Alliance With Mental Health Chatbots: Diary Study and Thematic Analysis

Zian Xu, Yi-Chieh Lee, Karolina Stasiak, Jim Warren, Danielle Lottridge

JMIR Ment Health 2025 (Oct 10); 12:e76642

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Evolving Health Information–Seeking Behavior in the Context of Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT, and Alexa: Interview Study Using the Think-Aloud Protocol

Claire Wardle, Shaydanay Urbani, Eric Wang

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Oct 07); 27:e79961

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Beyond Chatbots: Moving Toward Multistep Modular AI Agents in Medical Education

Minyang Chow, Olivia Ng

JMIR Med Educ 2025 (Oct 02); 11:e76661

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Comparative Evaluation of a Medical Large Language Model in Answering Real-World Radiation Oncology Questions: Multicenter Observational Study

Fabio Dennstädt, Max Schmerder, Elena Riggenbach, Lucas Mose, Katarina Bryjova, Nicolas Bachmann, Paul-Henry Mackeprang, Maiwand Ahmadsei, Dubravko Sinovcic, Paul Windisch, Daniel Zwahlen, Susanne Rogers, Oliver Riesterer, Martin Maffei, Eleni Gkika, Hathal Haddad, Jan Peeken, Paul Martin Putora, Markus Glatzer, Florian Putz, Daniel Hoefler, Sebastian M Christ, Irina Filchenko, Janna Hastings, Roberto Gaio, Lawrence Chiang, Daniel M Aebersold, Nikola Cihoric

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Sep 23); 27:e69752

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Performance Evaluation of 18 Generative AI Models (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity) in 2024 Japanese Pharmacist Licensing Examination: Comparative Study

Hiroyasu Sato, Katsuhiko Ogasawara, Hidehiko Sakurai

JMIR Med Educ 2025 (Sep 18); 11:e76925

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