Chatbots and Conversational Agents

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Years in this theme: All years 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2004

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Articles published in this theme: 871 (scroll down to load remaining articles)

2026

Doctor in white coat holding a tablet, digital health technology

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Evaluation of Prompt Design and Internal Reasoning in Chatbot-Based Medical History Taking: Simulation Study

Nattawipa Thawinwisan, Chang Liu, Goshiro Yamamoto, Kazumasa Kishimoto, Yukiko Mori, Tomohiro Kuroda

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Aug 21); 14:e94614

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Young man with glasses looking at his smartphone

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Generative AI in Youth Mental Health Apps: Rapid Review

Helene Høgsdal, Henriette Kyrrestad, Sabine Kaiser

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (Aug 19); 13:e90589

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Woman uses phone to view HIV self-test instructions from Self-Cov by National Department of Health.

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Acceptability, Usability, and Clinical Appropriateness of an AI-Powered Tool for Linkage to HIV Services After HIV Self-Testing in South Africa: Mixed Methods Evaluation

Nomsa Brightness Mahlalela, Onthatile Maboa, Caroline Govathson, Laura Rossouw, Lawrence Long, Ross Greener, Sarah Morris, Shawna Cooper, Sasha Frade, Sophie Pascoe, Candice Chetty-Makkan

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Aug 17); 28:e88570

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Three young women of diverse ethnicities looking at a smartphone together

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Health Care Professionals’ Perspectives on Conversational Mental Health Chatbots: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Besran Zara Malgir, Yi Jiao (Angelina) Tian, Emma Herger, David Shaw, Bernice Simone Elger, Stephen R Milford

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Aug 14); 15:e92780

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Elderly woman using a smartphone displaying the HeartBot UCSF Women's Health Study app

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Short-Term Efficacy of the Artificial Intelligence HeartBot II in Increasing Awareness and Knowledge of Heart Attack in Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial With a Waitlist Control

Yoshimi Fukuoka, Diane Dagyong Kim, Jingwen Zhang, Thomas J Hoffmann, Kenji Sagae

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Aug 12); 15:e103597

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Robot discusses ADV with elderly man, woman, and man at table

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Messaging and Chatbot-Assisted Nursing Consultation (ChatACP) to Empower Family Members of Residents of Nursing Homes on Advance Care Planning: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Pilot Study

Tongyao Wang, Ho Nee Chu, Pui Hing Chau, Xue Zhou, Chia-Chin Lin

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Aug 12); 15:e94883

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Woman with infusion device on arm uses smartphone, discussing cancer treatment.

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Finite State Machine–Guided Retrieval-Augmented Generation Improves Expert-Rated Acceptability of a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Self-Management Chatbot: Single-Center Content Validation Study

Mangyeong Lee, Seung-Beom Cho, Jae-Wook Yu, Junghee Yoon, Jae-Boong Choi, Kyu-Hwan Jung, Juhee Cho

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Aug 11); 28:e92374

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Woman reading table of contents on glowing smartphone screen in dark room.

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Patterns of Engagement With an AI Conversational Agent for Mental Health and Associations With Anxiety and Depression: Cross-Sectional Study

Kelsey McAlister, Courtney Jewell, Jennifer Huberty

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (Aug 10); 13:e98690

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Healthcare professional interacting with futuristic medical interface displaying health icons.

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Sociotechnical Misalignments in Hospital AI System Implementation: Qualitative Case Study

Adrian Yeow, Jennifer Cleland, Christina Soh, Candice Balete

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Aug 10); 28:e87534

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Man with hand on temple, experiencing headache pain

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Conversational Large Language Models for Vestibular Diagnosis in Outpatient Clinics: Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study

Chongkai Lu, Ruiqi Zhang, Huaili Jiang, Yanping Yu, Sulin Zhang, Qin Lin, Peixia Wu, Huawei Li

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Aug 07); 28:e100442

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Woman in headphones watches recipes on laptop while drinking from mug

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User Experience and Socioemotional Evaluation of Virtual Therapist Character Types in a Simulated Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy: Quantitative Study

Michelle Celina Hallmann, Nicolina Laura Peperkorn, Francesco Vona, Jan-Niklas Voigt-Antons, Youssef Shiban

JMIR XR Spatial Comput 2026 (Aug 07); 3:e81537

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Elderly woman in hospital gown using a tablet computer

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Iterative Multidisciplinary Development and Evaluation of a Patient-Facing Social Determinants of Health Chatbot Using Synthetic Data Simulation: Mixed Methods Study

Anna M Maw, Alexander Lupi, Rachel Johnson-Koenke, Heather Coats, Li Zhou, Benjamin Li, James Mitchell, Alexander Kotz, Joseph Plasek, Foster Goss

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Aug 07); 10:e89837

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Trust-Centered Design and Feasibility Evaluation of an AI-Enabled Conversational Health Tool for Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Rural Young Adults: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

Kandyce Brennan

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Aug 06); 15:e97653

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Woman and humanoid robot interacting in a living room

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AI as a Therapist, Companion, and Romantic Partner: Emerging Roles, Benefits, and Risks for Mental Health in Participatory Medicine

John Grohol

J Particip Med 2026 (Aug 05); 18:e95153

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Doctor consoles patient while colleague looks on, medical scans in background.

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Correctness, Harmfulness, and Diversity of Large Language Models for Colonoscopy Preparation Assistance: Comparative Evaluation Study

Tomiris Kaumenova, Subhankar Chakraborty, Eric Fosler-Lussier, Kebire Gofar, Isaiah Metcalf, Andrew Perrault, Michael White

JMIR AI 2026 (Aug 04); 5:e88581

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Doctor holding a futuristic heart model with EKG readout, symbolizing cardiac care.

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Nurse-Led Large Language Model Chatbot for Predicting and Preventing Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Salini K, Ajee K L, Praveen Kerala Varma, Premjith B, Anila K P, Vandana Agnihotri, Priyalatha Muthu, Renjitha Bhaskaran, Namrata Nair

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Aug 04); 15:e103717

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Woman typing on laptop with coffee and phone on wooden desk

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Dual-Source Retrieval-Augmented Generation Chatbot for Women’s Health (HerCare): Design and Multimethod Evaluation Study

Kimia Tuz Zaman, Wordh Ul Hasan, Nova Ahmed, Juan Li

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Jul 31); 10:e88549

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Man with continuous glucose monitor (CGM) checking data on phone

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Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model Counseling for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes: Source-Masked Multirater Comparative Evaluation

Zhijun Guo, Alvina Lai, Emmanouil Korakas, Aristeidis Vagenas, Irshad Ahamed, Christo Albor, Hengrui Zhang, Justin Healy, Kezhi Li

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jul 31); 28:e98519

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Caregiver in blue scrubs shows a senior man a smartphone on a couch.

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Integrating AI-Powered Chatbots Into Patient Education From the Perspectives of Patients, Caregivers, and Nurses: Qualitative Study

Zihao Liu, Yuli Li, Jingjing Wang, Qing Liu, Feifei Chen, Lifeng Zhu, Yanbei Ren, Linlin Xing, Xiaoyun Wang

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jul 30); 28:e87254

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Researchers discuss LLM training data and dialogue generation on screens

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A Large Language Model–Driven System for Advance Care Planning Training Among Health Care Providers in the Chinese Context: Development and Technical Evaluation

Minghui Tan, Siyuan Tang, Shichao Kan, Bei Wu, Zhao Ni, Haojie Zhang, Jinfeng Ding

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Jul 28); 28:e87288

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