Chatbots and Conversational Agents

Performance of DeepSeek-R1, ChatGPT (GPT-o3-mini), and Gemini 2.0 Flash on German Medical Multiple-Choice Questions: Comparative Evaluation

Annika Meyer, Yassin Karay, Andrea U Steinbicker, Thomas Streichert, Remco Overbeek

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Dec 18); 9:e77357

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A Hybrid Rule- and Large Language Model–Based Embodied Voice Assistant (GRACE) for Cognitive Stimulation in Older Adults: Usability Study Assessing Technical Feasibility, Technology Acceptance, and Working Alliance

Rasita Vinay, Ekaterina Uetova, Nora Camilla Tommila, Nikola Biller-Andorno, Tobias Kowatsch

JMIR Aging 2025 (Dec 18); 8:e76489

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A Paradigm Shift in Progress: Generative AI’s Evolving Role in Mental Health Care

John Torous, Andrea Cipriani

JMIR Ment Health 2025 (Dec 17); 12:e82369

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Generative AI Mental Health Chatbots as Therapeutic Tools: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Their Role in Reducing Mental Health Issues

Qiyang Zhang, Renwen Zhang, Yiying Xiong, Yuan Sui, Chang Tong, Fu-Hung Lin

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Dec 16); 27:e78238

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Effectiveness of ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot in Answering Thai Drug Information Queries: Cross-Sectional Study

Suphannika Pornwattanakavee, Nattawut Leelakanok, Teerarat Todsarot, Gabrielle Angele Tatta Guinto, Ratchanon Takun, Assadawut Sumativit, Marisa Senngam

JMIR AI 2025 (Dec 15); 4:e79751

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AI-Enabled Personalized Smoking Cessation Intervention With the Aipaca Chatbot: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study

Yunlong Liu, Paul Calle, Mariah Vadakekut, Daniel Rubin, Zsolt Nagykaldi, Mark Doescher, Lisa Hightow-Weidman, Chongle Pan, Ruosi Shao

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Dec 11); 9:e73319

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Evaluating Generative AI Psychotherapy Chatbots Used by Youth: Cross-Sectional Study

Kunmi Sobowale, Daniel Kevin Humphrey, Sophia Yingruo Zhao

JMIR Ment Health 2025 (Dec 10); 12:e79838

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Critical Appraisal Tools for Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Studies: Scoping Review

Juan B Cabello, Vicente Ruiz Garcia, Miguel Torralba, Miguel Maldonado Fernandez, Marimar Ubeda, Eukene Ansuategui, Luis Ramos-Ruperto, Jose I Emparanza, Iratxe Urreta, Maria Teresa Iglesias, Jose I Pijoan, Amanda Burls

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Dec 08); 27:e77110

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A Rule-Based Conversational Agent for Mental Health and Well-Being in Young People: Formative Case Series During the Rise of Generative AI

Aimee-Rose Wrightson-Hester, Gee Anderson, Joel Dunstan, Peter M McEvoy, Christopher J Sutton, Bronwyn Myers, Sarah J Egan, Sara Jane Tai, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt, Wai Chen, Tom Gedeon, Joanna C Moullin, Warren Mansell

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Dec 01); 9:e69841

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Determining the Feasibility and Usability of a Co-Designed Culturally Appropriate Conversational Agent (DESI-Heart) to Support Self-Care in People With Cardiovascular Diseases: Protocol for a Single-Arm Pilot Trial

Ann Tresa Sebastian, Paul Jansons, Ee Ling Ng, Samantha David, Ralph Maddison

JMIR Res Protoc 2025 (Nov 28); 14:e78923

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Evaluation of an AI-Based Chatbot Providing Real-Time Feedback in Communication Training for Mental Health Care Professionals: Proof-of-Concept Observational Study

Lea Herschbach, Teresa Festl-Wietek, Christian Stegemann-Philipps, Alessandra Sonanini, Bernd Herrmann, Rebecca Erschens, Anne Herrmann-Werner, Friederike Holderried

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 28); 27:e82818

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Clinical Efficacy, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Implementation Features of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Chatbots for Depression and Anxiety: Narrative Review

Chang-Ha Im, Minjung Woo

JMIR Ment Health 2025 (Nov 28); 12:e78340

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Interactive Conversational Agents to Improve Dietary Behaviors for Health Promotion: Mixed Systematic Review

Samira Amil, Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Alexandra Bédard, Sié Mathieu Aymar Romaric Da, Daniela Zavala Mora, Vicky Drapeau, Sophie Desroches

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 28); 27:e78220

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AI-Enhanced Social Robotic Versus Computer-Based Virtual Patients for Clinical Reasoning Training in Medical Education: Observational Crossover Cohort Study

Alexander Borg, Jonathan Schiött, William Ivegren, Cidem Gentline, Viking Huss, Anna Hugelius, Benjamin Jobs, Fabricio Espinosa, Mini Ruiz, Samuel Edelbring, Carina Georg, Gabriel Skantze, Ioannis Parodis

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 27); 27:e82541

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GrantCheck—an AI Solution for Guiding Grant Language to New Policy Requirements: Development Study

Qiming Shi, Asil Oztekin, George Matthew, Jeffrey Bortle, Hayden Jenkins, Steven (Koon) Wong, Paul Langlois, Anaheed Zaki, Brian Coleman, Katherine Luzuriaga, Adrian H Zai

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Nov 27); 9:e79038

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The Effectiveness of AI Chatbots in Alleviating Mental Distress and Promoting Health Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Xinyu Feng, Lidan Tian, Grace W K Ho, Janelle Yorke, Vivian Hui

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 26); 27:e79850

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Evaluating Locally Run Large Language Models (Gemma 2, Mistral Nemo, and Llama 3) for Outpatient Otorhinolaryngology Care: Retrospective Study

Christoph Raphael Buhr, Christopher Seifen, Katharina Bahr-Hamm, Tilman Huppertz, Johannes Pordzik, Harry Smith, Tom Kelsey, Andrew Blaikie, Christoph Matthias, Sebastian Kuhn, Jonas Eckrich

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Nov 25); 9:e76896

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Engagement With Text Messaging Improves Cardiovascular Medication Adherence: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Rowan Shore-Plavec, Rachel Zucker, Thomas J Glorioso, Sheana Bull, Larry A Allen, Joseph J Saseen, Katy E Trinkley, Pamela Peterson, Joy Waughtal, P Michael Ho

J Med Internet Res 2025 (Nov 24); 27:e80794

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Chatbots’ Empathetic Conversations and Responses: A Qualitative Study of Help‑Seeking Queries on Depressive Moods Across 8 Commercial Conversational Agents

Hyojin Chin, Gumhee Baek, Chiyoung Cha, Meeyoung Cha

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Nov 24); 9:e71538

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Teaching Clinical Reasoning in Health Care Professions Learners Using AI-Generated Script Concordance Tests: Mixed Methods Formative Evaluation

Alexandre Hudon, Véronique Phan, Bernard Charlin, René Wittmer

JMIR Form Res 2025 (Nov 20); 9:e76618

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