Chatbots and Conversational Agents

Articles published in 2026 in this theme: 47 (scroll down to load remaining articles)

2026

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Effectiveness of a Fully Automated Mobile Therapeutic Versus a General Chatbot in Reducing Depression and Anxiety and Improving Well-Being: Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial

Barbora Kuta, Lukas Novak, Radka Zidkova, Jana Furstova, Klara Malinakova, Andrea De Winter, Vít Husek

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (Apr 22); 13:e82642

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Fact-Checking Large Language Model Responses to a Health Care Prompt: Comparative Study

Padhraig Ryan, Orla Davoren, Glyn Elwyn

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Apr 15); 10:e68223

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User Experience and Early Clinical Outcomes of a Mental Wellness Chatbot for Depression and Anxiety: Pilot Evaluation Mixed Methods Study

Scott Graupensperger, Emily J Ward, Graham Baum, Kate H Bentley, Emily R Dworkin, Millard Brown, Adam Chekroud, Matt Hawrilenko

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Apr 14); 10:e90644

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Real-World Data From a Group Parent Management Training Program Enhanced Using Artificial Intelligence: Qualitative Study

Carlos Felipe Rivera-Cepeda, Blanca S Pineda, Daniella Vaclavik, Daniel M Bagner, Antonio Y Hardan, Andrea Abadi, Karin Mostovoy, Eduardo L Bunge

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Apr 07); 10:e91841

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Performance of DeepSeek V3, DeepSeek R1, ChatGPT 4o, and ChatGPT o1 on the National Health Professional and Technical Qualification Examination (Intermediate Level) in China: Comparative Analysis

Jipeng Xue, Shitong Wang, Jinan Yang, Xiaogang Guo, Jie Shen, Qiwen Wang

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Apr 06); 10:e90673

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It Is the Journey, Not the Destination: Moving From End Points to Trajectories When Assessing Chatbot Mental Health Safety

Hamilton Morrin, Joshua Au Yeung, Zarinah Agnew, Søren Dinesen Østergaard, Thomas A Pollak

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (Apr 06); 13:e91454

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Chatbot Usability Scale in Chinese Users: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation Study

Haoming Ma, Runyuan Pei, Sijia Li, Aoqi Wang, Xingyi Tang, Meihua Piao

JMIR Hum Factors 2026 (Apr 06); 13:e84971

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Immersive, Interactive, Intelligent Patient Educational System for Venous Thromboembolism (ChatVTE): Development and Validation Study

Bin bin Liu, Zhi geng Jin, Zhe qi Zhang, Hong Wang, Hao Wang, Hui Zhang, Chang zhen Li, Fei Qi, Yu tao Guo

JMIR AI 2026 (Apr 06); 5:e82775

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AI Chatbots for Mental Health Self-Management: Lived Experience–Centered Qualitative Study

Dong Whi Yoo, Jiayue Melissa Shi, Violeta J Rodriguez, Koustuv Saha

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (Apr 02); 13:e78288

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Training an AI Chatbot to Manage Health in Underserved Populations: Methodological Approach

Allison Diane Ihle, Breann Wicks, Vangelis Metsis, Autumn Starfall, Fleur Clapham, Aleksei Gorbachev, Sean Shanley, Christina Strauser, Jacqueline M McGrath

JMIR AI 2026 (Apr 01); 5:e84145

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Mass Media Narratives of Psychiatric Adverse Events Associated With Generative AI Chatbots: Rapid Scoping Review

Van-Han-Alex Chung, Pénélope Bernier, Alexandre Hudon

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (Mar 30); 13:e93040

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Quality, Empathy, and Readability of AI Chatbot Responses to the Survivorship Needs of Adolescents and Young Adults With Melanoma: Evaluation Study

Jordan Lily Jafarnia, Priscilla Lynne Haff, Reece Philip Moore, Alyssa Leigh Osheim, Katherine McKenna Riley, Sabrina Zheng, Michael Roth, Madeleine Hines Salge, Kelly Carter Nelson

JMIR Cancer 2026 (Mar 26); 12:e84234

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Understanding User Intent in Code-Mixed Sexual and Reproductive Health Queries in Urban India: Hierarchical Classification Approach Using Large Language Models

Sumon Kanti Dey, Manvi S, Aradhana Thapa, Meet Shah, Zeel Mehta, Shraddha Kale Kapile, Tanvi Divate, Suhani Jalota, Azra Ismail

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Mar 24); 28:e86545

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A Therapeutic Conversational Agent (Solace) for Management of Chronic Pain: Acceptability and Usability Study

P Maxwell Slepian, Stephanie Buryk-Iggers, Anna M Lomanowska, Binh Nguyen, Tahir Janmohamed, Hance Clarke, Joel Katz, Nils G Niederstrasser

JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2026 (Mar 20); 13:e87689

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Effectiveness of Al-Assisted Patient Health Education Using Voice Cloning and ChatGPT: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial

Yan Sun, Shangqing Xu, Hongying Jin, Xiaoyan Han, Kangqi Jin, Yimei Zhang, Xiaoli Ma, Huaping Wei, Minjie Ma

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Mar 19); 28:e81387

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Perspectives on How Sociology Can Advance Theorizing About Human-Chatbot Interaction and Developing Chatbots for Social Good

Celeste Campos-Castillo, Xuan Kang, Linnea I Laestadius

JMIR AI 2026 (Mar 18); 5:e80250

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Investigating Placebos and Controls Used in Large Language Model–Based Chatbot Intervention Trials: Protocol for a Methodological Review

Leo Druart, Vanda Faria, Marco Annoni, John Torous, Moa Pontén, Charlotte Blease

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Mar 17); 15:e90507

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Disclaimers and Referral Patterns for Medical Advice Across Urgency Levels: Large Language Model Evaluation Study

Florian Reis, Louis Agha-Mir-Salim, Richard Hickstein, Moritz Reis, Sophie K Piper, Felix Balzer, Sebastian Daniel Boie

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Mar 16); 28:e84668

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Toward Retrieval-Grounded Evaluation for Conversational Large Language Model–Based Risk Assessment

Yihan Hu

JMIR AI 2026 (Mar 12); 5:e90759

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Authors’ Reply: Toward Retrieval-Grounded Evaluation for Conversational Large Language Model–Based Risk Assessment

Mohammad Amin Roshani, Xiangyu Zhou, Yao Qiang, Srinivasan Suresh, Steve Hicks, Usha Sethuraman, Dongxiao Zhu

JMIR AI 2026 (Mar 12); 5:e91981

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