Patients’ Perspectives on Applications of AI and Personalized Medicine in Life-Threatening Heart Disease: European Cross-Sectional Patient Questionnaire Study

Georg Ludwig Lindinger   ^{1 *} , MA ;   Nicolas J Schiermeier   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Dick L Willems   ² , MD, PhD ;   Menno Tom Maris   ^{2, 3} , MSc ;   Mona Khattab   ¹ , PharmD, MBA ;   Hanno L Tan   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Dennis Henzler   ^{1, 5} , MSc ;   Marieke A R Bak   ^{2, 3, 6} , PhD ;   Eckhard Nagel   ^{1, 5} , MD, PhD ;   Michael Lauerer   ¹ , PhD

¹ Institute for Medical Management and Health Sciences, Faculty of Law, Business & Economics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany

² Department of Ethics, Law and Humanities, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands

³ Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands

⁴ Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands

⁵ Medical University Lausitz – Carl Thiem, Cottbus, Brandenburg, Germany

⁶ Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Bavaria, Germany

*these authors contributed equally