Multimodal Large Language Models for Cystoscopic Image Interpretation and Bladder Lesion Classification: Comparative Study

Yung-Chi Shih   ¹ , MD ;   Cheng-Yang Wu   ² , MD ;   Shi-Wei Huang   ^{2, 3 *} , MD, PhD ;   Chung-You Tsai   ^{1, 3, 4 *} , MD, PhD

¹ Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan

² Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan

³ Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

*these authors contributed equally