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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Digital Health Reviews (3672) e-Learning and Digital Medical Education (1593) Virtual Patients (136) Reviews in Medical Education (300) New Resources for Medical Education (208) Simulation (262) Artificial Intelligence (4795) Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medical Education (763) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (1531)

Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/79091, first published .
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Embracing the Future of Medical Education With Large Language Model–Based Virtual Patients: Scoping Review

Embracing the Future of Medical Education With Large Language Model–Based Virtual Patients: Scoping Review

Authors of this article:

Jianwen Zeng1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Wenhao Qi1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Shiying Shen1 Author Orcid Image ;   Xin Liu1 Author Orcid Image ;   Sixie Li1 Author Orcid Image ;   Bing Wang1 Author Orcid Image ;   Chaoqun Dong1 Author Orcid Image ;   Xiaohong Zhu1 Author Orcid Image ;   Yankai Shi1 Author Orcid Image ;   Xiajing Lou1 Author Orcid Image ;   Bingsheng Wang1 Author Orcid Image ;   Jiani Yao1 Author Orcid Image ;   Guowei Jiang3 Author Orcid Image ;   Qiong Zhang4 Author Orcid Image ;   Shihua Cao1, 2 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (20) Tweetations (2) Metrics

Journals

  1. Gandhi B, Morjaria L, Illamperuma I, Nadesan P, Arora A, Sibbald M. Large Language Model-Based Virtual Patients for Simulated Clinical Learning: A Scoping Review. AI in Medicine 2026;1(1):7 View
  2. Mishkin H, Chekijian S, Lema P, Binz N, Linden J, Platt M, Sun W, Thomas Y, Walker L, Werner S, Raukar N, Sethuraman K. Empowering Women in Academic Emergency Medicine: A Time‐Efficient Workshop Incorporating Large Language Models to Enhance Leadership Skills. AEM Education and Training 2026;10(2) View
  3. Knitza J, Hügle T. Large Language Models in der Rheumatologie. Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 2026;85(5):366 View
  4. Cheungpasitporn W, Pesce F, Thongprayoon C, Miao J, Baloch M, Soliman K, Chávez Iñiguez J. Beyond social media: the era of generative AI and intelligent digital platforms in nephrology education. Renal Failure 2026;48(1) View
  5. Bonilla Mejia J, Cortés Fuenzalida T, Polanco Aliaga D, Martínez Carrillo C, Herrera Alcaíno Á. Inteligencia artificial en la formación clínica práctica de estudiantes de medicina de pregrado: una revisión de alcance de aplicaciones, resultados y brechas.. Revista Española de Educación Médica 2026;7(3) View
  6. Harada Y. Robustness of a Large Language Model (LLM)–Based Virtual Patient for Japanese History-Taking Training Under Direct and Indirect Instructional Contamination. Cureus 2026 View
  7. Chang J, Peng R, Chen X, Zhu Y, Miao R, Cao Z, Feng H. Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions of Large Language Models in Health Care Communication: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2026;28:e84726 View
  8. Jeong I, Kim H, Hwang H. Generative artificial intelligence and large language models in competency-based medical education: applications, challenges, and future directions. Kosin Medical Journal 2026;41(2):114 View
  9. Miao J, Thongprayoon C, Cheungpasitporn W. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Nephrology Education. Advances in Kidney Disease and Health 2026 View
  10. Choi I, Kim J, Kim J, Lee H, Park W, Kim C, Lim D. A Curriculum-Embedded Two-Session AI Chatbot-Based History-Taking Practicum in Korean Medicine Diagnostics. Applied Sciences 2026;16(14):7223 View
  11. Guo Z, Lai A, Korakas E, Vagenas A, Ahamed I, Albor C, Zhang H, Healy J, Li K. Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Model Counseling for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes: Source-Masked Multirater Comparative Evaluation. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2026;28:e98519 View
  12. Fan T, Gao T, Tang W, Xu Q, Wang X, Su Q, Lyu Q. Large language models in emergency medicine education: opportunities, challenges, and implementation pathways. Frontiers in Public Health 2026;14 View
  13. Alefragkis D, Aloizou D, Chougia V. A Large Language Model-Based Simulation Protocol Using ChatGPT for Training Novice Critical Care Nurses in Family Crisis Communication and De-escalation. Cureus 2026 View
  14. Kamaleddin M, Mirjalili M, Barzegar R, Trung Le N, Cote Z, Winkler O, Burback L, Zhang Y, Zaiane O, Monson C, Sharma D, Krishnan S, Greenshaw A, Zeifman R, Selby P, Bhat V. Multiagent Large Language Model Framework for Psychotherapy Fidelity Assessment in Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Training: Cross-Sectional, Simulation-Based Evaluation Study. JMIR Medical Education 2026;12:e92964 View
  15. Zhang W, Daniels B, Mita C, Nguyen H, Duong D. AI for Clinical Competency Assessment: Scoping Review of Methods and Applications. JMIR Medical Education 2026;12:e92826 View
  16. Soto-Aguilera C, Ortiz-Montalvo A, Cerritos A, Sepúlveda Vildósola A, Trejo-Mejía J, Mondragón Pineda A, Castañeda Cedeño S, Serrano Reyes M, Gatica Lara F. Desarrollo y evidencia de validez de contenido de un instrumento para evaluar la percepción estudiantil sobre una paciente virtual potenciada con inteligencia artificial. Revista Española de Educación Médica 2026;7(5) View
  17. Xie R, Zhang B, Xiao L. Generative artificial intelligence in medical education: from knowledge assessment to clinical reasoning and professional competence. Frontiers in Medicine 2026;13 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Yassin A. Academic Medicine - New Trends and Developments for the 2030s, Volume 2 [Working Title]. View
  2. Fouad S, Muskwe L, Harib W, Hassan-Smith G. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Che H, Ye F, Hu X, Zhou Y. Proceedings of the 2026 Designing Interactive Systems Conference. PsyMooc: Empowering Simulation-Based Educational Systems with LLM Agents to Train Clinical Interviewing Skills View