Development and Validation of a Large Language Model–Powered Chatbot for Neurosurgery: Mixed Methods Study on Enhancing Perioperative Patient Education

Chung Man Ho   ^{1 *} , MSN ;   Shaowei Guan   ^{2 *} , BSc ;   Prudence Kwan-Lam Mok   ³ , MBChB ;   Candice HW Lam   ⁴ , MBBS ;   Wai Ying Ho   ¹ , BN ;   Calvin Hoi-Kwan Mak   ¹ , PhD ;   Harry Qin   ⁵ , PhD ;   Arkers Kwan Ching Wong   ⁶ , PhD ;   Vivian Hui   ^{5, 7} , PhD

¹ Neurosurgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, China (Hong Kong)

² Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China (Hong Kong)

³ Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, China (Hong Kong)

⁴ School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Central and Western District, China (Hong Kong)

⁵ Center for Smart Health, School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China (Hong Kong)

⁶ School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China (Hong Kong)

⁷ Health and Community Systems, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States

*these authors contributed equally