Published on in Vol 22, No 10 (2020): October

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/20346, first published .
The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic Review

The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic Review

The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic Review

Journals

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  4. Martinengo L, Lo N, Goh W, Tudor Car L. Choice of Behavioral Change Techniques in Health Care Conversational Agents: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Research Protocols 2021;10(7):e30166 View
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  11. Chew H, Achananuparp P. Perceptions and Needs of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care to Increase Adoption: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2022;24(1):e32939 View
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  19. Martinengo L, Jabir A, Goh W, Lo N, Ho M, Kowatsch T, Atun R, Michie S, Tudor Car L. Conversational Agents in Health Care: Scoping Review of Their Behavior Change Techniques and Underpinning Theory. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2022;24(10):e39243 View
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  23. Hong G, Smith M, Lin S. The AI Will See You Now: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Conversational AI Medical Interviewing System. JMIR Formative Research 2022;6(6):e37028 View
  24. Santini S, Stara V, Galassi F, Merizzi A, Schneider C, Schwammer S, Stolte E, Kropf J. User Requirements Analysis of an Embodied Conversational Agent for Coaching Older Adults to Choose Active and Healthy Ageing Behaviors during the Transition to Retirement: A Cross-National User Centered Design Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021;18(18):9681 View
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  40. Rodriguez‐Arrastia M, Martinez‐Ortigosa A, Ruiz‐Gonzalez C, Ropero‐Padilla C, Roman P, Sanchez‐Labraca N. Experiences and perceptions of final‐year nursing students of using a chatbot in a simulated emergency situation: A qualitative study. Journal of Nursing Management 2022;30(8):3874 View
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  43. Chua J, Choolani M, Chee C, Chan Y, Lalor J, Chong Y, Shorey S. Insights of Parents and Parents‐To‐Be in Using Chatbots to Improve Their Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Health: A Mixed Studies Review. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 2023;68(4):480 View
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  55. Rebelo N, Sanders L, Li K, Chow J. Learning the Treatment Process in Radiotherapy Using an Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Chatbot: Development Study. JMIR Formative Research 2022;6(12):e39443 View
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  59. Nadarzynski T, Puentes V, Pawlak I, Mendes T, Montgomery I, Bayley J, Ridge D, Newman C. Barriers and facilitators to engagement with artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots for sexual and reproductive health advice: a qualitative analysis. Sexual Health 2021;18(5):385 View
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  120. Wang G, Gao K, Liu Q, Wu Y, Zhang K, Zhou W, Guo C. Potential and Limitations of ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 as a Source of COVID-19 Information: Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Generative and Authoritative Information. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e49771 View
  121. Plitman E, Kim E, Patel R, Kohout S, Jin R, Chan V, Dinsmore M. Development of an Automated and Scalable Virtual Assistant to Aid in PPE Adherence: A Study with Implications for Applications within Anesthesiology. Journal of Medical Systems 2023;48(1) View
  122. MA Y, Achiche S, Pomey M, Paquette J, Adjtoutah N, Vicente S, Engler K, Patient Expert Committee M, Laymouna M, Lessard D, Lemire B, Asselah J, Therrien R, Osmanlliu E, Zawati M, Joly Y, Lebouché B. Adapting and Evaluating an Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbot through Patient and Stakeholder Engagement to Provide Information for Different Health Conditions: Master Protocol for an Adaptive Platform Trial (the MARVIN Chatbots) (Preprint). JMIR Research Protocols 2023 View
  123. Allen C, Neil G, Halbert C, Sterba K, Nietert P, Welch B, Lenert L. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of family cancer history collection tools in oncology clinical practices. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(3):631 View
  124. Lim W, Custodio R, Sunga M, Amoranto A, Sarmiento R. General Characteristics and Design Taxonomy of Chatbots for COVID-19: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e43112 View
  125. Al‐Anezi F. Exploring the use of ChatGPT as a virtual health coach for chronic disease management. Learning Health Systems 2024;8(3) View
  126. Yasukawa S, Tanaka T, Yamane K, Kano R, Sakata M, Noma H, Furukawa T, Kishimoto T. A chatbot to improve adherence to internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy among workers with subthreshold depression: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Mental Health 2024;27(1):e300881 View
  127. Ni Z, Peng M, Balakrishnan V, Tee V, Azwa I, Saifi R, Nelson L, Vlahov D, Altice F. Implementation of Chatbot Technology in Health Care: Protocol for a Bibliometric Analysis. JMIR Research Protocols 2024;13:e54349 View
  128. Ye C, Zweck E, Ma Z, Smith J, Katz S. Doctor Versus Artificial Intelligence: Patient and Physician Evaluation of Large Language Model Responses to Rheumatology Patient Questions in a Cross‐Sectional Study. Arthritis & Rheumatology 2024 View
  129. Cuciniello M, Amorese T, Greco C, Carrión Z, Vogel C, Cordasco G, Esposito A. Cultural Differences in the Assessment of Synthetic Voices. International Journal of Neural Systems 2024;34(02) View
  130. Andrew A. Potential applications and implications of large language models in primary care. Family Medicine and Community Health 2024;12(Suppl 1):e002602 View
  131. Gopalakrishnan A, Gururajan R, Zhou X, Venkataraman R, Chan K, Higgins N. A survey of autonomous monitoring systems in mental health. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 2024;14(3) View
  132. Faruk L, Babakerkhell M, Mongkolnam P, Chongsuphajaisiddhi V, Funilkul S, Pal D. A Review of Subjective Scales Measuring the User Experience of Voice Assistants. IEEE Access 2024;12:14893 View
  133. Yu P, Fang C, Liu X, Fu W, Ling J, Yan Z, Jiang Y, Cao Z, Wu M, Chen Z, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Abudukeremu A, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang J. Performance of ChatGPT on the Chinese Postgraduate Examination for Clinical Medicine: Survey Study. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e48514 View
  134. Singh T, Truong M, Roberts K, Myneni S. Sequencing conversational turns in peer interactions: An integrated approach for evidence-based conversational agent for just-in-time nicotine cravings intervention. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  135. O'Connell J, Gilmartin E, Roche D, Rogers S. Conversational artificial intelligence: the interface with the patient concerns inventory. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2024;62(5):391 View
  136. Chou Y, Lin C, Lee S, Lee Y, Cheng L. User-Friendly Chatbot to Mitigate the Psychological Stress of Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e49462 View
  137. MacNeill A, MacNeill L, Yi S, Goudreau A, Luke A, Doucet S. Depiction of conversational agents as health professionals: a scoping review. JBI Evidence Synthesis 2024 View
  138. Araji T, Brooks A. Evaluating The Role of ChatGPT as a Study Aid in Medical Education in Surgery. Journal of Surgical Education 2024;81(5):753 View
  139. Anisha S, Sen A, Bain C. Evaluating the Potential and Pitfalls of AI-Powered Conversational Agents as Humanlike Virtual Health Carers in the Remote Management of Noncommunicable Diseases: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e56114 View
  140. Peña-Cáceres O, Tavara-Ramos A, Correa-Calle T, More-More M. WhatsApp-Based Cloud Service Chatbot Application for Emergencies or Disasters. Journal of Advances in Information Technology 2024;15(3):435 View
  141. Warrier A, Singh R, Haleem A, Zaki H, Eloy J. The Comparative Diagnostic Capability of Large Language Models in Otolaryngology. The Laryngoscope 2024;134(9):3997 View
  142. Aljamaan F, Malki K, Alhasan K, Jamal A, Altamimi I, Khayat A, Alhaboob A, Abdulmajeed N, Alshahrani F, Saad K, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Tawfiq J, Temsah M. ChatGPT-3.5 System Usability Scale early assessment among Healthcare Workers: Horizons of adoption in medical practice. Heliyon 2024;10(7):e28962 View
  143. Cevasco K, Morrison Brown R, Woldeselassie R, Kaplan S. Patient Engagement with Conversational Agents in Health Applications 2016–2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Systems 2024;48(1) View
  144. Allan P, Knight M, Evans R, Narayanan A. Artificial intelligence is poised to usher in a paradigm shift in surgery: application of ChatGPT in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia. ANZ Journal of Surgery 2024;94(5):780 View
  145. Liu J, Ito S, Ngo T, Lawate A, Ong Q, Fox T, Chang S, Phung D, Nair E, Palaiyan M, Joty S, Abisheganaden J, Lee C, Lwin M, Theng Y, Ho M, Chia M, Bojic I, Car J. A pilot randomised controlled trial exploring the feasibility and efficacy of a human-AI sleep coaching model for improving sleep among university students. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  146. Laymouna M, Ma Y, Lessard D, Schuster T, Engler K, Lebouché B. Roles, Users, Benefits, and Limitations of Chatbots in Health Care: Rapid Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e56930 View
  147. Yuan L, An L, Zhu Y, Duan C, Kong W, Jiang P, Yu Q. Machine Learning in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Lung Cancer by PET-CT. Cancer Management and Research 2024;Volume 16:361 View
  148. Vinarti R, Sani N, Anggraeni W, Tyasnurita R, Muklason A, Amalia R, Fahlevi R, Suryaputra E, Azizah I, Kesuma B. I-Mun: A Reminder System and a Chatbot for Information of Immunization under 2 Years. Procedia Computer Science 2024;234:1722 View
  149. Cary M, De Gagne J, Kauschinger E, Carter B. Advancing Health Equity Through Artificial Intelligence: An Educational Framework for Preparing Nurses in Clinical Practice and Research. Creative Nursing 2024;30(2):154 View
  150. Nadarzynski T, Knights N, Husbands D, Graham C, Llewellyn C, Buchanan T, Montgomery I, Ridge D, Silva J. Achieving health equity through conversational AI: A roadmap for design and implementation of inclusive chatbots in healthcare. PLOS Digital Health 2024;3(5):e0000492 View
  151. Alzyoudi M, Al Mazroui K. ChatGPT as a coping mechanism for social isolation: An analysis of user experiences and perceptions of social support. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies 2024;14(3):e202433 View
  152. Graf L, Sykownik P, Gradl-Dietsch G, Masuch M. Towards believable and educational conversations with virtual patients. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 2024;5 View
  153. Sezgin E, Kocaballi A, Dolce M, Skeens M, Militello L, Huang Y, Stevens J, Kemper A. Chatbot for Social Need Screening and Resource Sharing With Vulnerable Families: Iterative Design and Evaluation Study. JMIR Human Factors 2024;11:e57114 View
  154. Pressman S, Borna S, Gomez-Cabello C, Haider S, Haider C, Forte A. Clinical and Surgical Applications of Large Language Models: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024;13(11):3041 View
  155. Şahin B, Emre Genç Y, Doğan K, Emre Şener T, Şekerci Ç, Tanıdır Y, Yücel S, Tarcan T, Çam H. Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT in Urology: A Comparative Study of Knowledge Interpretation and Patient Guidance. Journal of Endourology 2024;38(8):799 View
  156. Kwok W, Zhang Y, Wang G. Artificial intelligence in perinatal mental health research: A scoping review. Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024;177:108685 View
  157. Alsharhan A, Al-Emran M, Shaalan K. Chatbot Adoption: A Multiperspective Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 2024;71:10232 View
  158. Abid A, Baxter S. Breaking Barriers in Behavioral Change: The Potential of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Motivational Interviewing. Journal of Glaucoma 2024;33(7):473 View
  159. Sáez C, Ferri P, García-Gómez J. Resilient Artificial Intelligence in Health: Synthesis and Research Agenda Toward Next-Generation Trustworthy Clinical Decision Support. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e50295 View
  160. Striegl J, Richter J, Grossmann L, Bråstad B, Gotthardt M, Rück C, Wallert J, Loitsch C. Deep learning-based dimensional emotion recognition for conversational agent-based cognitive behavioral therapy. PeerJ Computer Science 2024;10:e2104 View
  161. Raman R, Pattnaik D, Hughes L, Nedungadi P. Unveiling the dynamics of AI applications: A review of reviews using scientometrics and BERTopic modeling. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge 2024;9(3):100517 View
  162. Hoffman B, Oppert M, Owen M. Understanding young adults’ attitudes towards using AI chatbots for psychotherapy: The role of self-stigma. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 2024;2(2):100086 View
  163. Chambi E, Cuela J, Zegarra M, Sulla E, Rendulich J. Benchmarking Time-Frequency Representations of Phonocardiogram Signals for Classification of Valvular Heart Diseases Using Deep Features and Machine Learning. Electronics 2024;13(15):2912 View
  164. Nadarzynski T, Knights N, Husbands D, Graham C, Llewellyn C, Buchanan T, Montgomery I, Khlafa N, Tichackova J, Odeyemi R, Johnson S, Jesuthas N, Tahia S, Ridge D, Wu D. The impact of Chatbot-Assisted Self Assessment (CASA) on intentions for sexual health screening in people from minoritised ethnic groups at risk of sexually transmitted infections. Sexual Health 2024;21(4) View
  165. Ejaz H, Ali S, Berner J, Dobbs T, Whitaker I, Collaborative F. The “Flapbot”: A Global Perspective on the Validity and Usability of a Flap Monitoring Chatbot. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 2024 View
  166. Cresswell K, de Keizer N, Magrabi F, Williams R, Rigby M, Prgomet M, Kukhareva P, Wong Z, Scott P, Craven C, Georgiou A, Medlock S, Brender McNair J, Ammenwerth E. Evaluating Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Settings—Let Us Not Reinvent the Wheel. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e46407 View
  167. Kasecker W, Silva M, Santana F, Silva L, Sanches N, Florentino J, Heidmann G, Albiero L, Queiroz E, Queiroz D. Perfil clínico-epidemiológico e aplicação de um novo modelo computacional para monitoramento de gestantes de um município do norte de Mato Grosso: um estudo coorte prospectivo. Scientific Electronic Archives 2024;17(4) View
  168. He L, Basar E, Krahmer E, Wiers R, Antheunis M. Effectiveness and User Experience of a Smoking Cessation Chatbot: Mixed Methods Study Comparing Motivational Interviewing and Confrontational Counseling. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e53134 View
  169. Swisher A, Wu A, Liu G, Lee M, Carle T, Tang D. Enhancing Health Literacy: Evaluating the Readability of Patient Handouts Revised by ChatGPT's Large Language Model. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 2024 View
  170. Ortiz Llana A, Zapana Ruiz J, Meneses Claudio B. Quality of service and citizen satisfaction in a Lima district municipality. Southern perspective / Perspectiva austral 2023;1:17 View
  171. Laymouna M, Ma Y, Lessard D, Engler K, Therrien R, Schuster T, Vicente S, Achiche S, El Haj M, Lemire B, Kawaiah A, Lebouché B. Needs-Assessment for an Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbot for Pharmacists in HIV Care: Results from a Knowledge–Attitudes–Practices Survey. Healthcare 2024;12(16):1661 View
  172. Denecke K, Reichenpfader D, Willi D, Kennel K, Bonel H, Nairz K, Cihoric N, Papaux D, von Tengg-Kobligk H. Person-based design and evaluation of MIA, a digital medical interview assistant for radiology. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024;7 View
  173. Gao X, He P, Zhou Y, Qin X. Artificial Intelligence Applications in Smart Healthcare: A Survey. Future Internet 2024;16(9):308 View
  174. Hindelang M, Sitaru S, Zink A. Transforming Health Care Through Chatbots for Medical History-Taking and Future Directions: Comprehensive Systematic Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2024;12:e56628 View
  175. Baumgärtner K, Byczkowski M, Schmid T, Muschko M, Woessner P, Gerlach A, Bonekamp D, Schlemmer H, Hohenfellner M, Görtz M. Effectiveness of the Medical Chatbot PROSCA to Inform Patients About Prostate Cancer: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. European Urology Open Science 2024;69:80 View
  176. Scaff S, Reis F, Ferreira G, Jacob M, Saragiotto B. Assessing the performance of AI chatbots in answering patients’ common questions about low back pain. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2024:ard-2024-226202 View
  177. Eskandar K. Artificial intelligence in nephrology: revolutionizing diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. KIDNEYS 2024;13(3):213 View
  178. Hoose S, Králiková K. Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Care: Management Implications, Ethical Challenges, and Policy Considerations. Administrative Sciences 2024;14(9):227 View
  179. Gutiérrez Maquilón R, Uhl J, Schrom-Feiertag H, Tscheligi M. GPT AI in Virtual Patient Facilitates Communication Training of Medical First Responders: A Usability Study in Mixed Reality Simulation (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2024 View
  180. Krichen M, Abdalzaher M. Performance enhancement of artificial intelligence: A survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 2024;232:104034 View
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  183. Kim T, Yu C, Hinson C, Fung E, Allam O, Nazerali R, Ayyala H. ChatGPT Virtual Assistant for Breast Reconstruction: Assessing Preferences for a Traditional Chatbot versus a Human AI VideoBot. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 2024;12(10):e6202 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Liu C, Zhang B, Peng G. Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions. View
  2. Gantwerker E, Allen L, Hay M. Clinical Education for the Health Professions. View
  3. Chhabra S. Handbook of Research on Digital Transformation Management and Tools. View
  4. Leeuwis L, He L. Chatbot Research and Design. View
  5. Buckeridge D. Intelligent Systems in Medicine and Health. View
  6. Tavares D, Lopes A, Castro C, Maia G, Leite L, Quintas M. Handbook of Research on Instructional Technologies in Health Education and Allied Disciplines. View
  7. Gwynne M. Chronic Illness Care. View
  8. Stević I, Vukmirović D, Vujović V, Marinković V. Innovation in Medicine and Healthcare. View
  9. Barua R, Datta S, Sarkar A. Contemporary Applications of Data Fusion for Advanced Healthcare Informatics. View
  10. Magalhães R, Marcondes F, Durães D, Novais P. Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2023. View
  11. Gantwerker E, Allen L, Hay M. Clinical Education for the Health Professions. View
  12. Larsen M, Vo L, Pratap A, Peters D. Tasman’s Psychiatry. View
  13. Lal M, Neduncheliyan S. Design in the Era of Industry 4.0, Volume 1. View
  14. Khan M. Robotics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. View
  15. Garg R, Gupta A. Advances in Data-Driven Computing and Intelligent Systems. View
  16. Pani B, Crawford J, Allen K. Applications of Generative AI. View
  17. Salles A, Wajnerman Paz A. Brains and Machines: Towards a Unified Ethics of AI and Neuroscience. View
  18. Oliveira R. The Palgrave Handbook of Humour Research. View
  19. Striegl J, Fekih F, Weber G, Loitsch C. Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management. View
  20. Striegl J, Rottmann S, Loitsch C. Intelligent Systems and Applications. View
  21. Bappy A, Mahmud T, Kaiser M, Shahadat Hossain M, Andersson K. Applied Intelligence and Informatics. View
  22. Larsen M, Vo L, Pratap A, Peters D. Tasman’s Psychiatry. View