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Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/99019, first published .
Doctor explaining medical diagrams on a computer screen to an elderly patient

Challenges of Single-Reference Benchmarks for Clinical Reasoning in Large Language Model–Based Decision Support

Challenges of Single-Reference Benchmarks for Clinical Reasoning in Large Language Model–Based Decision Support

Jiawei Zhou   1 * , MD ;   Hanqing He   1 * , MSc ;   Weijie Yu   1 * , MD ;   Zihan Zhong   1 , BSc ;   Qiang Ju   2 , MSc ;   Shuhang Wang   1 , MD ;   Xiaochuan Wang   2 , PhD ;   Ning Li   1 , MD

1 Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China

2 Baichuan Inc, Beijing, China

*these authors contributed equally

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