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Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/94738, first published .
Elderly man drawing shapes while a NAO robot observes in a research lab

Human and Robot Assistance for Cognitive Load in Younger and Older Adults: Multimodal Within-Subject Experimental Study

Human and Robot Assistance for Cognitive Load in Younger and Older Adults: Multimodal Within-Subject Experimental Study

Simone Varrasi   1 , PhD, PsyD ;   Roberto Vagnetti   2 , PhD ;   Nicola Camp   3 , PhD ;   John Hough   3 , PhD ;   Alessandro Di Nuovo   4 , PhD ;   Sabrina Castellano   1 , PhD ;   Daniele Magistro   3, 5 , PhD

1 Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Sicily, Italy

2 Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, England, United Kingdom

3 Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, England, United Kingdom

4 Department of Computing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom

5 School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, United Kingdom

Corresponding Author:

  • Daniele Magistro, PhD
  • School of Health Sciences
  • University of Southampton
  • Building 67, Highfield Campus, University Road
  • Southampton, England SO17 1BJ
  • United Kingdom
  • Email: d.magistro@soton.ac.uk