Accessibility settings

This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Viewpoints and Perspectives (1468) e-Learning and Digital Medical Education (1652) Continuing Medical Education (CME) for Doctors (229) Artificial Intelligence (5034) Health Professionals' Training in eHealth, Digital Medicine, Medical Informatics (301) Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medical Education (871) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (1644) Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in AI (221)

Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/86550, first published .
Doctor in a white coat with a stethoscope typing on a laptop

From Agents to Governance: Essential AI Skills for Clinicians in the Large Language Model Era

From Agents to Governance: Essential AI Skills for Clinicians in the Large Language Model Era

Authors of this article:

Weiping Cao1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Qing Zhang1 Author Orcid Image ;   Jialin Liu3, 4 Author Orcid Image ;   Siru Liu5 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (20) Tweetations Metrics

Journals

  1. Christodoulou R, Papageorgiou P, Lucio Pereira A, Solomou E, Papageorgiou S, Vassiliou E, Georgiou M. Large language models in patient education for brain tumors: opportunities, risks, and ethical considerations. Frontiers in Oncology 2026;16 View
  2. Chow J, Li K. From Dialogue Systems to Autonomous Agents: A Modeling Framework for Ethical Generative AI in Healthcare. Information 2026;17(4):361 View
  3. Wang D, Li Y. Hybrid movement strategies in orthopedic oncology: Mechanistic integration of musculoskeletal and tumor–host interactions. Seminars in Oncology 2026;53(5):152516 View
  4. Ohi S, Iwamoto T, Ikeda D, Kawanishi Y, Kitajima K, Ohyanagi H. Artificial intelligence (AI)-aided clinical data management: Applications, human-in-the-loop workflows, and regulatory considerations. Global Health & Medicine 2026;8(3):182 View
  5. Yang Y, Liu J, Liu S. A Futures Framework for Clinical AI Governance: Anticipating Emerging Risks, Shifting Roles, and Regulatory Challenges. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2026;28:e96152 View
  6. Xie W, Liu J, Liu S. Personal Health Large Language Models and the Negotiation of Medical Authority in Clinical Care: Opportunities, Risks, and Governance. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2026;28:e91727 View
  7. Jhangiani R, Baker N. Artificial Intelligence Literacy as a Shared Educational Responsibility: Comment on Robinson et al. (2026). Psychology Learning & Teaching 2026 View
  8. García-Alegría J, Ruiz-Hidalgo D, Rodríguez-Carballeira M. La formación en medicina interna en la era de la inteligencia artificial. Revista Clínica Española 2026;226(8):502609 View
  9. Alqheedan A, Alzughaibi S. The VIBE-HI framework: a conceptual model for evaluating vibe coding appropriateness, quality, and safety in health informatics. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2026;9 View
  10. Ijadi Maghsoodi A, Kurz J, Lawrenson R, Parsons M, Walker C, O'Sullivan M, Rouse P. Artificial intelligence for decision-making in healthcare: A critical review of decision-maker-governed hybrid systems across clinical, operational, and policy settings. Health Policy and Technology 2026;15(10):101292 View
  11. Frutuoso J, Maria A, Donato H, Vaz Carneiro A. Postgraduate Education in Artificial Intelligence: A Proposal from the Artificial Intelligence Commission of the Portuguese Medical Association. Acta Médica Portuguesa 2026 View
  12. Xie R, Zhang B, Xiao L. Generative artificial intelligence in medical education: from knowledge assessment to clinical reasoning and professional competence. Frontiers in Medicine 2026;13 View
  13. García-Alegría J, Ruiz-Hidalgo D, Rodríguez-Carballeira M. Training in internal medicine in the age of artificial intelligence. Revista Clínica Española (English Edition) 2026;226(8):502609 View
  14. Hryciw B, Harvey K, Kyeremanteng K. Optimized for mortality: AI, accountability, and the moral future of the intensivist. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care 2026;71:101701 View
  15. Qiao J. Comment on “Harnessing big data and artificial intelligence in transfusion medicine: Opportunities for precision, safety and efficiency”. Vox Sanguinis 2026 View
  16. Gao Z, Liu D, He Y, Zhao Y, Zuo Y, Zhang J, Zheng J. Hospital Human Resource Managers’ Perspectives on Organizational Readiness for Generative AI Skills: Qualitative Descriptive Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2026;14:e74339 View
  17. 张 桃. An Evaluation Study on the Generation of Interdisciplinary Continuous Care Simulation Cases for Master of Nursing by LLM from a Student Perspective. Creative Education Studies 2026;14(09):807 View
  18. Murray B, Rowe J, Dobbins D, Duong P, Fritz M, Grizzle M, Johnson S, Leino A, Macwan R, Raheem F, Saad M, Twyman J. Artificial Intelligence Across the Pharmaceutical Life Cycle: Implications for Industry‐Based Clinical Pharmacists. JACCP: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2026;9(10) View

Conference Proceedings

  1. España-Lopera J, Núñez-Valdez E, García-Díaz V. 2026 2nd International Conference on Federated Learning and Intelligent Computing Systems (FLICS). A Technical Taxonomy and Evidence-Based Framework for Assessing Clinical Large Language Model Systems View
  2. Edhala G, Gupta S, Dendkuri S, Sundaramoorthy J. 2026 Technology and Innovation Conference (TIC). Fail-Safe Autonomy: Detecting and Preventing Silent Failures in Clinical Agentic AI View