Disclaimers and Referral Patterns for Medical Advice Across Urgency Levels: Large Language Model Evaluation Study

Florian Reis   ¹ , MD ;   Louis Agha-Mir-Salim   ¹ , MD ;   Richard Hickstein   ² , MD ;   Moritz Reis   ³ , PhD ;   Sophie K Piper   ^{1, 4} , PhD ;   Felix Balzer   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Sebastian Daniel Boie   ¹ , PhD

¹ Institute of Medical Informatics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany

² Working Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany

³ Institute of Psychology, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany

⁴ Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany