Biomedical Research Images Manipulated by Generative AI to Alter Scientific Outcomes: Diagnostic Study of Human and Automated Detection

Shuhang Luo   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Runhua Tang   ^{2, 3, 4, 5, 6 *} , MD ;   Ziyin Chen   ^{2, 3, 4, 5, 6 *} , MD ;   Jianye Wang   ^{2, 3, 4, 5, 6} , MD ;   Ming Liu   ^{2, 3, 4, 5, 6 *} , MD ;   Jianfeng Wang   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Li Ma   ^{7 *} , MD

¹ Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China

² Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China

³ National Center for Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China

⁴ National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China

⁵ The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China

⁶ Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China

⁷ Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Hospital & The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China

*these authors contributed equally