Large Language Model–Assisted Surgical Consent Forms in Non-English Language: Content Analysis and Readability Evaluation

Namkee Oh   ¹ , PhD ;   Jongman Kim   ¹ , PhD ;   Sunghae Park   ¹ , PhD ;   Sunghyo An   ¹ , MD ;   Eunjin Lee   ¹ , MD ;   Hayeon Do   ¹ , MD ;   Jiyoung Baik   ¹ , MD ;   Suk Min Gwon   ¹ , MD ;   Jinsoo Rhu   ¹ , PhD ;   Gyu-Seong Choi   ¹ , PhD ;   Seonmin Park   ¹ , MSc ;   Jai Young Cho   ² , PhD ;   Hae Won Lee   ² , PhD ;   Boram Lee   ² , MD ;   Eun Sung Jeong   ³ , MD ;   Jeong-Moo Lee   ⁴ , MD ;   YoungRok Choi   ⁴ , MD ;   Jieun Kwon   ⁵ , MD ;   Kyeong Deok Kim   ⁶ , MD ;   Seok-Hwan Kim   ⁷ , MD ;   Gwang-Sik Chun   ⁷ , MD

¹ Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

² Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea

³ Department of Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea

⁴ Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁵ Department of Surgery, Soon Chun Hyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea

⁶ Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea

⁷ Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea