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Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/69284, first published .
Doctor and patient looking at laptop screen in a medical office

The Applications of Large Language Models in Mental Health: Scoping Review

The Applications of Large Language Models in Mental Health: Scoping Review

Journals

  1. Porkaew P, Zhu T, Li A, Chuenphitthayavut K. The effectiveness of a sentence completion test for depression screening using large language models. Acta Psychologica 2025;259:105425 View
  2. Rousmaniere T, Goldberg S, Torous J. Large language models as mental health providers. The Lancet Psychiatry 2026;13(1):7 View
  3. Kumar M, Khan L, Choi A. RAMHA: A Hybrid Social Text-Based Transformer with Adapter for Mental Health Emotion Classification. Mathematics 2025;13(18):2918 View
  4. Dwyer B, Flathers M, Sano A, Dempsey A, Cipriani A, Gazi A, Hill B, Gorban C, Rodriguez C, Stromeyer C, King D, Rozenblit E, Strudwick G, Linardon J, Cheong J, Firth J, Herpertz J, Schwarz J, Truong K, Emerson M, Paulus M, Patriquin M, Hua Y, Choudhary S, Siddals S, Pinillos L, Bantjes J, Schueller S, Xu X, Duckworth K, Gillison D, Wood M, Torous J. Mindbench.ai: an actionable platform to evaluate the profile and performance of large language models in a mental healthcare context. NPP—Digital Psychiatry and Neuroscience 2025;3(1) View
  5. Son D, Kim G, Oh H, Sundar S. A framework for Gaming Disorder Detection based on social media data using Large Language Model labeling. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2026;165:113447 View
  6. Elshaer I, Azazz A. The Impacts of Large Language Model Addiction on University Students’ Mental Health: Gender as a Moderator. Algorithms 2025;18(12):789 View
  7. Schwartz Tayri T, Cohen-Inger N, Seadia O, Gal A, Vilenchik D. A case-specific psychological first aid AI recommendations app for rescue and first responders. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2025;16(1) View
  8. Yeasmin S, Semi M, Rony M, Das S, Sabeena A, Rahman R, Biswas B, Ahmed F, Hossain A. Artificial Intelligence for Mental Health Monitoring: A Solution for Digital Behavioral Health Care and Education—An Umbrella Review. Health Science Reports 2026;9(1) View
  9. Donnelly H, Brown G, Green K, Vurgun U, Hwang S, Schriver E, Steinberg M, Reilly M, Mehta H, Labouliere C, Oquendo M, Mandell D, Mowery D. Automated Safety Plan Scoring in Outpatient Mental Health Settings Using Large Language Models: Exploratory Study. JMIR Mental Health 2026;13:e79010 View
  10. Teferra B, Johny N, Huang S, Rueda A, Kamaleddin M, Dunlop K, Zhang Y, Jha M, Sharma D, Bhat V. Assessing the impact of safety guardrails on large language models using irritability metrics. npj Digital Medicine 2026;9(1) View
  11. Rodríguez Cevallos D. Inteligencia artificial generativa aplicada a la salud mental: un análisis bibliométrico. Salmus 2025;1(2):e9 View
  12. Jin Z, Hu J, Bi D, Zhao K, Yu H. Evaluating the Efficacy of AI-Based Interactive Assessments Using Large Language Models for Depression Screening: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Formative Research 2026;10:e78401 View
  13. Lam C, Xian L, Huang R, Chen J, Chan K, Chan J, Chau S, Chan N, Li S, Wing Y, Li T. Deep learning for detecting depression in individuals with and without alexithymia. Communications Medicine 2026;6(1) View
  14. Voultsiou E, Moussiades L. A Systematic Review of Large Language Models in Mental Health: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions. Electronics 2026;15(3):524 View
  15. Chen Y, Gao Y, Yu S, Zhao C, Lu Y. Large Language Models in Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Applications, Innovations and Ethical Challenges. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management 2026:1 View
  16. Yang J, Liu T, Luo Y, Niu T, Pang P, Xiang A, Yang Q. Exploring the application boundaries of LLMs in mental health: a systematic scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology 2026;16 View
  17. Cheng A, Konova A, Powers A, Corlett P, Levy I, Gu X, Huys Q, Pushkarskaya H, Fineberg S, Hauser T, Chase H, Bzdok D, Harpaz-Rotem I, Babuscio T, Nichols L, Zhao Y, Sharma M, Meeker D, Xu H, Rutledge R, Pearlson G, Pittenger C, Yip S. Threading the Needle: Practical Considerations for Merging Theory-Driven Computational Psychiatry With Data-Driven Analytics to Enhance Precision Health at Scale. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 2026 View
  18. Irmawati S , Fanny Fatimah Mayasari Masdar , Rosdianah , Muh.Yunus . Digital mental health education: the impact of e-book intervention on anxiety knowledge among adolescent girls. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada 2025;14(2):323 View
  19. AlSaad R, Alshakhs S, Thomas R. Depression subtype classification from social media posts: few-shot prompting vs. fine-tuning of large language models. Frontiers in Digital Health 2026;8 View
  20. Nofita Tudang Rombeallo , Indrawati Aris Tyarini , Ari Setiawati . Effect of e-book media on adolescent girls’ knowledge of mental health issues anxiety. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada 2025;14(2):266 View
  21. Klein A, Song J, Chim J, Keren L, Triantafyllopoulos A, Schuller B, Liakata M, Atzil-Slonim D. Clinical Summaries of Social Media Timelines for Mental Health Monitoring: Human Versus Large Language Model Comparative Evaluation Study. JMIR Formative Research 2026;10:e71230 View
  22. Fouda A, Hassan A, Hanafy R, Fouda M. PsychiatryBench: a multi-task benchmark for LLMs in psychiatry. npj Digital Medicine 2026;9(1) View
  23. Hu H, Si J, Wang Q, Weng T, Ji Y, Jiang J, Ma F, Zhou Y, Cui L, Tian Q. MindDialog: A large-scale benchmark for counseling dialogue understanding and generation. Pattern Recognition 2026;179:113766 View
  24. Liu R, Guo J, P E. Artificial Intelligence-Powered Multimodal Approaches for Depression and Anxiety Detection: A Review. Applied Artificial Intelligence 2026;40(1) View
  25. Viduani A, Ferreira L, Buchweitz C, Piccin J, Fisher H, Van Heerden A, Kohrt B, Mondelli V, Kieling C, Araújo R. Exploring GPT-based models for depression detection in adolescents using naturalistic speech: A proof-of-concept study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2026;410:121956 View
  26. Zhou S, Mohd M, Zakaria L. A Systematic Review of Transformer-Based Models for Depression Detection. Applied Sciences 2026;16(10):5018 View
  27. Bryant E, Hallet D, Nielsen E, Evans T, Rees-Lee J, Riley N, Newlove-Delgado T, Price A. An evidence-based AI Virtual Assistant for young people with ADHD: Co-design and prototype development (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2025 View
  28. Dai A, Shi W, Gu X, Huang L. Large Language Models for Depression Detection: A Review with Prospects of Incomplete Multimodality. Brain Sciences 2026;16(6):593 View
  29. Ayash L, Alasmari A, Alhuzali H. ContextMental: A Sociocultural Benchmark for Arabic Mental Health Understanding. Electronics 2026;15(12):2558 View
  30. Ergün D. MEDYANIN OTOMATİKLEŞEN FORMU: YENİ MEDYA İLKELERİNİN BÜYÜK DİL MODELLERİ İLE YENİDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. İNİF E - Dergi 2026;11(1):99 View
  31. Arnaiz-Rodriguez A, Baidal M, Derner E, Annable J, Ball M, Ince M, Perez Vallejos E, Oliver N. Between Help and Harm: An Evaluation Study of Mental Health Crisis Handling by Large Language Models. JMIR Mental Health 2026;13:e88435 View
  32. Wu C, Hung P. Artificial Intelligence and Mental Health Discourse: Methodological Reflections for Nursing Practice. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 2026;47(8):802 View
  33. Malgir B, Tian Y, Herger E, Milford S, Shaw D, Elger B. Health Care Professionals’ Perspectives on Conversational Mental Health Chatbots: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Research Protocols 2026;15:e92780 View
  34. Rao S, Chen X, Deng G, Xie J, Jiang T, Li T, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Natural Language Processing Applied to Psychiatric Clinical Notes: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2026;14:e91249 View
  35. van Zyl L. Positive psychology 4.0: a science of consequence for a world that can no longer wait. Frontiers in Psychology 2026;17 View
  36. Shi E, Pei R, Barceló-Coblijn L. The digital therapist? LLMs and the future of clinical dialogue. Language and Health 2026;4(2):100086 View
  37. Schwartz B, Alpers G, Baumeister H, Bonnin G, Brakemeier E, Daniels J, Dönnhoff I, Eichenberg C, Gutyrchik E, Hilbert K, Holsteg S, Hunger-Schoppe C, Jacobi F, Lalk C, Langhammer T, Lindenberg K, Linke J, Löchner J, Lueken U, Lüttke S, Lutz W, Meinlschmidt G, Petzold M, Probst T, Renner F, Rubel J, Sander L, Schott T, Steinbrenner T, Westermann S, Asbrand J. Potenziale und Grenzen Künstlicher Intelligenz in der klinisch-psychologischen Forschung, Lehre und Praxis. Psychologische Rundschau 2026;77(3):136 View
  38. Morales I, Marti-Estevez I, Doval S, Gutiérrez J, Fausor R, Arribas-García S, Álvarez-Mon M, Quintero J. Effectiveness of Chatbots in Mental Health Screening and Assessment: A Systematic Review (Preprint). JMIR Mental Health 2026 View
  39. Stojanovic A, Stankovic M, Ristic A. AI-Guided Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety: Bridging the Mental Health Treatment Gap Through Digital Psychiatry. Healthcare 2026;14(15):2334 View
  40. Zhou K, Littlejohn M, Garrard I. A Scoping Review of Sycophancy in Large Language Models: Operational and Theoretical Recognition. Endeavors: Mississippi State Undergraduate Research Journal 2026;2(1) View
  41. Zavaleta‐Monestel E, Herrera‐Jiménez L, Suárez‐Sánchez S, Arguedas‐Chacón S, Mora‐Jiménez J, Millán‐González R. Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry: Five Decades of Progress and Persistent Translational Challenges. Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice 2026 View
  42. Bleuze C, Fort K, Martin V, Névéol A. Large Language Models for Mental Health Prediction: Scoping Review of Bias and Clinical Utility Documentation in 2019-2024. JMIR AI 2026;5:e88082 View
  43. Panfilova A, Bolshev V, Mozikov M, Latynov V, Vanin A, Nestik T, Kozin M, Serohvostov A, Tarasova E, Nikolenko S. Toward Psychological Digital Twins: Evaluating Large Language Models for Simulating Assessment Responses From Interview Data. IEEE Access 2026;14:121682 View
  44. Erkayıran O. The Effect of Artificial Intelligence-Based Educational Tools on Learning Outcomes in Nursing Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi 2026;8(2):683 View
  45. Han Y, Hu J, Xu X, Ai M, Hong S, Wo W, Kuang L. Automated Conversational Screening for Depression and Suicide-Related Outcomes in Psychiatric Outpatients: Formative Diagnostic Agreement Study (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2025 View
  46. Paulus M, Torous J, Perlis R, Sarma K, Ajilore O, Khalsa S, Rodriguez C. Responsible and innovative AI for mental health care: five priority themes. NPP—Digital Psychiatry and Neuroscience 2026;4(1) View
  47. Diel A, Torous J, Cuijpers P, Kleesiek J, Nensa F, Weber N, Faust F, Lalgi T, Mellis F, Teufel M, Bäuerle A. A scoping review on the mental health harms of LLM-based chatbots. npj Digital Medicine 2026;9(1) View
  48. Karakaya I. Quality and readability of AI-generated information on bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional content analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2026;26(1) View
  49. Inoshita K. Bridging the silos in affective AI: a critical perspective from data to society. AI & SOCIETY 2026 View
  50. Leung J, Johnson B, McRae K, Fong S, Gonzalez P, McClure-Thomas C, Sun T, Kern N, Wong Y, Liu R, Chan G. Generative Large Language Models in Mental Health Care Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR AI 2026;5:e87730 View
  51. Rizzi S, Fait S, Franzin M, Sanna L. How professional logics shape AI implementation in mental healthcare: a qualitative study of an LLM-enhanced chatbot. Frontiers in Digital Health 2026;8 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Bisht N, Chauhan A, Chaturvedi N. Sixth Congress on Intelligent Systems. View
  2. Schwientek A, Drüge M, Terhorst Y, Kabrel N, Sahan F, Apolinário-Hagen J. Understanding Depression. View
  3. Valencia-Segura K, Hernández-Farías D, Soancatl-Rodriguez D, Soancatl-Rodriguez L, Escalante H, Martinez-Santiago F, Villaseñor-Pineda L. Artificial Intelligence Applications in Emerging Healthcare Technologies. View
  4. Katoch H, Sandhu D. LLMs in Practice. View
  5. Statharakos N, Papadopoulou E, Vlontaki V, Statharakou A, Moutos D. Generation Z in a Digitally Native World. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Steenstra I, Bickmore T. Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. A Risk Ontology for Evaluating AI-Powered Psychotherapy Virtual Agents View
  2. K R, Rananavare L. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing, VLSI, Electrical Circuits and Robotics (DISCOVER). A Comprehensive Survey on Depression Detection Through Social Media Using Machine Learning and NLP Techniques View
  3. Azade R, Sazzed S. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData). Zero-Shot Learning Capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Extracting Key Insights from Suicidal Narratives View
  4. Sazzed S, Azade R, Dehan F, Pial M. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData). Evaluating the Few-Shot Performance of Large Language Models for Classifying Clinical Risk Factors in Mental Health Text View
  5. Jayakody U, Jayawardhana M, Wickramasiri D. 2025 IEEE 19th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS). An Enhanced BERT-Based Approach for Mental Health Sentiment Analysis View
  6. Chen P, Liu H, Zhang Y, Yan Y, Tang Y, Tan D. 2025 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Computer Engineering (ICEACE). Research on a Mental Health Service System Based on an Improved RAG Algorithm View
  7. Reddy J, Yasmeen , Goura K, Reddy Y, Rani K, Devi Y. 2026 5th International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM). TheraMind AI: A Multilingual and Multidomain Diagnostic Assistant for Psychotherapy View
  8. Kumar H, Chahal J, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Wei A, Tay L, Anderson A. Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. When AI Gives Advice: Evaluating AI and Human Responses to Online Advice-Seeking for Well-Being View
  9. Sawant P, Chavan N, Bharti M. 2026 International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Future Innovations (ETFI). Domain Adaptive Fine-Tuning of Gemma-3-1B for Mental Health Conversations: Efficiency, Performance, and On-Device Deployment View
  10. Sriram A, K I. 2026 7th International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV). MindPulse: A Multimodal AI Framework for Early Detection of Mental Health Crisis in Young Adults View
  11. Shaikh S, Kashish , Suman , Wani M, Daudpota S, Imran A. 2026 5th International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET). Reducing Unsafe Mental Health Advice in Large Language Models Using Safety-Aware Prompting View
  12. Cai B, Hu M. Proceedings of the 2026 2nd International Conference on Health Informatization and Data Analysis. Early Identification Model for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Based on Natural Language Processing and Affective Computing View