This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Chatbots and Conversational Agents (740) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (708) Professional Identity Development (30) Artificial Intelligence (2129) Natural Language Processing (917) Validity, Reliability, and Bias (110)

Published on in Vol 26 (2024)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/51837, first published .
What’s in a Name? Experimental Evidence of Gender Bias in Recommendation Letters Generated by ChatGPT

What’s in a Name? Experimental Evidence of Gender Bias in Recommendation Letters Generated by ChatGPT

What’s in a Name? Experimental Evidence of Gender Bias in Recommendation Letters Generated by ChatGPT

Authors of this article:

Deanna M Kaplan1 Author Orcid Image ;   Roman Palitsky2 Author Orcid Image ;   Santiago J Arconada Alvarez3 Author Orcid Image ;   Nicole S Pozzo1 Author Orcid Image ;   Morgan N Greenleaf3 Author Orcid Image ;   Ciara A Atkinson4 Author Orcid Image ;   Wilbur A Lam5 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (32) Tweetations (15) Metrics

Journals

  1. Schlussel L, Samaan J, Chan Y, Chang B, Yeo Y, Ng W, Rezaie A. Evaluating the accuracy and reproducibility of ChatGPT-4 in answering patient questions related to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2024;5(1) View
  2. Raman R, Mandal S, Das P, Kaur T, Sanjanasri J, Nedungadi P, Kuhail M. Exploring University Students’ Adoption of ChatGPT Using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Sentiment Analysis With Gender Dimension. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2024;2024(1) View
  3. Adel A, Ahsan A, Davison C. ChatGPT Promises and Challenges in Education: Computational and Ethical Perspectives. Education Sciences 2024;14(8):814 View
  4. Ahn S. The transformative impact of large language models on medical writing and publishing: current applications, challenges and future directions. The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 2024;28(5):393 View
  5. Orynbay L, Bekmanova G, Yergesh B, Omarbekova A, Sairanbekova A, Sharipbay A. The role of cognitive computing in NLP. Frontiers in Computer Science 2025;6 View
  6. de Kok T. ChatGPT for Textual Analysis? How to Use Generative LLMs in Accounting Research. Management Science 2025;71(9):7888 View
  7. Zhou W, Zhu X, Han Q, Li L, Chen X, Wen S, Xiang Y. The Security of Using Large Language Models: A Survey with Emphasis on ChatGPT. IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025;12(1):1 View
  8. Omar M, Sorin V, Agbareia R, Apakama D, Soroush A, Sakhuja A, Freeman R, Horowitz C, Richardson L, Nadkarni G, Klang E. Evaluating and addressing demographic disparities in medical large language models: a systematic review. International Journal for Equity in Health 2025;24(1) View
  9. Ho J, Hartanto A, Koh A, Majeed N. Gender biases within Artificial Intelligence and ChatGPT: Evidence, Sources of Biases and Solutions. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 2025;4:100145 View
  10. Allan K, Azcona J, Sripada S, Leontidis G, Sutherland C, Phillips L, Martin D. Stereotypical bias amplification and reversal in an experimental model of human interaction with generative artificial intelligence. Royal Society Open Science 2025;12(4) View
  11. Spennemann D. Who Is to Blame for the Bias in Visualizations, ChatGPT or DALL-E?. AI 2025;6(5):92 View
  12. Bohren J, Hull P, Imas A. Systemic Discrimination: Theory and Measurement. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 2025;140(3):1743 View
  13. Voutyrakou D, Skordoulis C. Algorithmic Governance: Gender Bias in AI-Generated Policymaking?. Human-Centric Intelligent Systems 2025;5(3):385 View
  14. Hernández Fresno E, Ortego Antón M. Hacia una traducción automática inclusiva: la intersección entre inteligencia artificial, terminología LGTBIQ+ y sesgo de género. ELUA: Estudios de Lingüística. Universidad de Alicante 2025;(44):125 View
  15. Spennemann D, Oddone K. What do librarians look like? Stereotyping of a profession by generative Ai. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 2025 View
  16. Spennemann D. Generative Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Public Knowledge. Knowledge 2025;5(3):20 View
  17. Haxvig H, D’Andrea V, Teli M. “I’ve never seen a glass ceiling better represented”: Bias and gendering in LLM-generated synthetic personas from a participatory design perspective. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 2025;205:103651 View
  18. Schultz K, Linhares S, Mongiu A. What Every Colorectal Surgeon Should Know About Artificial Intelligence. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 2025;68(11):1249 View
  19. Choi Y, Zhunis A, Dong W, Seering J, Park S, Cha M, Chin H. Privacy disclosure to large language models: A large-scale study on awareness, benefits, and concerns in health contexts across three countries. Computers in Human Behavior Reports 2025;20:100841 View
  20. Xiu J, Sun Y, Zhang Z. Reinforcing intensive motherhood: A study of gender bias in parental responsibilities allocation by large language models. PLOS One 2025;20(11):e0335706 View
  21. Alkabaa A, Alamri N. Exploring the Effectiveness of Generative AI as a Learning Tool in Engineering Education: An Analysis of Student Experiences and Perceptions. Computer Applications in Engineering Education 2025;33(6) View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Freeburg T, Chang T. Digital Health, AI and Generative AI in Healthcare. View
  2. Shafik W. Integrating AI With Haptic Systems for Smarter Healthcare Solutions. View
  3. Voutyrakou D, Tsoukalas S, Karelis M, Katsiampoura G, Mikalef P, Avlonitis M. Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. AIAI 2025 IFIP WG 12.5 International Workshops. View
  4. Shafik W. The Power of Agentic AI: Redefining Human Life and Decision-Making. View
  5. Procktor R. The Sexual Offences Act 2003 and Virtual Reality. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Richter$$ M. REGION V ROZVOJI SPOLEČNOSTI 2024 / REGION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY 2024. GENERATIVNÍ UMĚLÁ INTELIGENCE (AI) JAKO ZRCADLO GENDEROVÝCH BIASŮ / GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AS A MIRROR OF GENDER BIASES View
  2. Kelly M, Tahaei M, Smyth P, Wilcox L. Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. Understanding Gender Bias in AI-Generated Product Descriptions View
  3. Gupta I, Joshi I, Dey A, Parikh T. Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. “Since Lawyers are Males..”: Examining Implicit Gender Bias in Hindi Language Generation by LLMs View
  4. Borges C, Ferreira E, João I, Pereira R. 2025 6th International Conference of the Portuguese Society for Engineering Education (CISPEE). Gender Biases in AI: Building Inclusive Future in Engineering Education View
  5. Proebsting G, Anigboro O, Crawford C, Metaxa D, Friedler S. Proceedings of the 5th ACM Conference on Equity and Access in Algorithms, Mechanisms, and Optimization. Identity-related Speech Suppression in Generative AI Content Moderation View
  6. Abbasi N, Dogan F, Laban G, Anderson J, Ford T, Jones P, Gunes H. 2025 34th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). Robot-Led Vision Language Model Wellbeing Assessment of Children View