Limitations of Deep Learning Attention Mechanisms in Clinical Research: Empirical Case Study Based on the Korean Diabetic Disease Setting

Junetae Kim   ^{1, 2, 3 *} , PhD ;   Sangwon Lee   ^{1 *} , MS ;   Eugene Hwang   ⁴ , BS ;   Kwang Sun Ryu   ¹ , PhD ;   Hanseok Jeong   ² , MS ;   Jae Wook Lee   ⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Yul Hwangbo   ^{3, 6} , MD ;   Kui Son Choi   ^{1, 2} , PhD ;   Hyo Soung Cha   ^{1, 2} , PhD

¹ Cancer Data Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

² Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

³ Healthcare AI Team, Healthcare Platform Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

⁴ School of Management Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁵ Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

⁶ Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea

*these authors contributed equally