Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT

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Articles published in 2026 in this theme: 339 (scroll down to load remaining articles)

2026

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Demographics, Clinical Content, Use Patterns, and Care-Seeking Intent Across Two Generations of AI-Enabled Clinical Triage Tools (A Traditional Structured Questionnaire and a Large Language Model–Enabled Conversational Interface): Comparative Retrospective Observational Study

Maria Marecka, Anna Nowicka, Aleksandra Suwińska, Piotr Orzechowski

JMIR AI 2026 (Sep 22); 5:e84469

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Doctors collaborating on a tablet, discussing patient care.

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Generative AI–Assisted Progressive-Disclosure Case-Based Learning for Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Medicine: Quasi-Experimental Study

Peng Su, Min Hu, Chengzhi Chen, Shangcheng Xu

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Sep 22); 12:e103584

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Large Language Model Performance on Multistep Clinical Cases: Comparative Study Across Question and Case Levels

Jiaxue Cha, Yan Zhao, Hui Zong

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Sep 22); 12:e95342

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Doctor contemplating a holographic medical AI model.

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Process-Oriented, Behaviorally Anchored Assessment of Clinical Reasoning in Large Language Models and the Effect of Extended Thinking: Protocol for a Prospective, Multigroup, Comparative Study

Adnan Agha, Muhammad Jalil, Eram Anwar, Omran Bakoush

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Sep 22); 15:e103220

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Large Language Models for Clinical Data Extraction in Workplace Injury Rehabilitation: Protocol for a Retrospective Pilot Study of Accuracy, Fairness, and Methodological Considerations in Workers’ Compensation Medical Chart Review

Armaan Rehman Shah, Barbara Gorczyca Abel, Majid Komeili, Basem Gohar, Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Sep 22); 15:e99807

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Real-Time Artificial Intelligence Diagnostic Copilot in Simulated Primary Care Consultations: Randomized Simulation Study

Ivan Cusacovich, Manuel Pinilla, Ruben Garcia Castro

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Sep 22); 10:e104579

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Doctor discusses patient's medical chart in a consultation

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A Clinician-Centered Evaluation Framework for Large Language Models in Patient Education: Integrating the Technology Acceptance Model and Medical Condition Regard Scale

Davis Austria, Grace Lord Williams, Christopher Girardo, Micheal Olaolu Arowolo, Jason Bradley Hill, Charlene Pope, R Neal Axon, Meenakshi Mishra

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Sep 21); 10:e100423

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Two female doctors in white coats review medical scans and tablet data.

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The Alignment Paradox of Medical Large Language Models in Infertility Care: Decoupling Algorithmic Improvement From Clinical Decision-Making Quality

Dou Liu, Ying Long, Sophia Zuoqiu, Di Liu, Kang Li, Kaipeng Xie, Runze Yang, Yiting Lin, Hanyi Liu, Rong Yin, Tian Tang

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Sep 21); 28:e97221

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Doctors in a meeting discussing brain scan data on a large screen.

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Hospital Human Resource Managers’ Perspectives on Organizational Readiness for Generative AI Skills: Qualitative Descriptive Study

Zhuo Gao, Deliang Liu, Yanxia He, Yan Zhao, Yan Zuo, Jianjun Zhang, Jingjing Zheng

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Sep 17); 14:e74339

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The AWARE (AI Use, Why, Attachment, Reality and Risk, and Effect on Functioning) Framework for Assessing Patients’ Use of AI in Mental Health Care

Alexandre Hudon, Venkat Bhat, John-Jose Nunez, Vincent Paquin, Amylie Malouin-Lachance, François Lespérance

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Sep 16); 12:e108766

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Problematic Reliance on Generative AI in an Anxious Young Adult: Case Report

Sarah Armstrong

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Sep 16); 10:e98297

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Psychological Therapy in the Age of Large Language Models: Framework for Therapist-Delivered and AI-Supported Functions

Shane Cross, Nickolai Titov, Blake Dear, John Gleeson, Mario Alvarez-Jimenez

JMIR Ment Health 2026 (Sep 16); 13:e103712

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Doctor in white coat looking at computer screen in modern office with medical imaging.

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Attitudes Toward Large Language Models in Health Care and Preferences for Their Adoption and Oversight Among Health Care Professionals: Cross-Sectional Survey

Arya Rao, Chinemerem Nwokemodo-Ihejirika, John W R Kincaid, Marharyta Krylova, Kaiz P Esmail, Dan Nguyen, Christian Rivera, Erica Koranteng, Marc D Succi

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Sep 15); 28:e87818

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Frameworks, Methodologies, and Tools for Evaluating Large Language Models in Digital Mental Health Interventions: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Antonio Salinas-Layana, Álvaro Jiménez-Molina, Daniela Lira, Félix Alberto Véliz-Montoya, Alexi Venegas, Nicolás Muñoz, Mario Chandía, Rigoberto Rojas, Vania Martínez

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Sep 14); 15:e91677

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Adaptive Optics Image Analysis Using Generative AI (GPT-4) Scripting: Exploratory Study

Jeroen AAH Pas, Ludo C van der Zanden, Yoeri van Leeuwen, Yara TE Lechanteur, Carel B Hoyng, Thomas Theelen

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Sep 14); 10:e94906

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Privacy Leakage in Federated Learning in Radiology Reports: Comparative Evaluation of Tokenizer and Batch-Size Privacy Risks

Santhosh Parampottupadam, Andrés Martínez Mora, Dimitrios Bounias, Sinem Sav, Klaus Maier-Hein, Ralf Floca

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Sep 11); 14:e88390

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Doctor explains patient's health data chart on computer screen

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Evaluating Large Language Models in Clinical Audiology (AUDIOLOGYBENCH): Benchmark Development and Validation Study

Linkai Li, Changgeng Mo, Haoshuai Zhou, Hanlin Yu, Congxi Lu, Shangqiguo Wang, Varsha M Athreya, Matthew B Fitzgerald, Shan X Wang

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Sep 11); 28:e94755

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Scientist in lab coat reviews medical images and text on two tablets in a classroom.

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Performance of Cloud-Hosted Large Vision-Language Models on the Japanese National Examination for Clinical Laboratory Technicians: Comparative Benchmarking Study

Kota Murakami, Ryosuke Matsuzawa, Yuya Tahara-Arai, Haruka Ozaki

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Sep 11); 12:e84266

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Doctor in white coat reviews patient charts in a busy hospital ward with medical staff and equipment.

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Generative AI Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Risk, and Physician Burnout and Fulfillment Among Chinese Physicians: Mixed Methods Multiregional Study

Dan Guo, Yanan Zhao, Tingkun Yang, Xingyu Bao, Ping Huang

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Sep 11); 28:e94155

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Doctors discuss patient health data on a tablet with an elderly man in a hospital room.

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Exploring Bias in Medical Applications of Large Language Models: Protocol for a Systematic Review

Shweta Rao, Carol Boutrous, Andrey Kormilitzin, Xin You Tai, Lewis Hotchkiss, Cen Cong, Edward Meinert, Huizhi Liang, Hang Dong, Judith R Harrison

JMIR Res Protoc 2026 (Sep 10); 15:e91348

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