Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT

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2026

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Integrating Confidence, Difficulty, and Language Model Calibration for Better Explainability in Clinical Documents Coding: Applications of AI

Mihai Horia Popescu, Kevin Roitero, Vincenzo Della Mea

JMIR AI 2026 (Apr 22); 5:e78764

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Classifying American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status With a Low-Rank–Adapted Large Language Model: Development and Validation Study

Min-Chia Chen, Shanq-Jang Ruan, Jo-Hsin Wu, Pei-fu Chen

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Apr 21); 28:e89540

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Exploring Information Access in Aging Populations and Those With Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the United Kingdom: Survey and Focus Group Study

Claire Rogers, William J McGeown, Yashar Moshfeghi

JMIR Aging 2026 (Apr 21); 9:e85626

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Multimodal Sentiment and Emotion Analysis Framework for Personalized Health Coaching Messages: Proof-of-Concept Study

Muhammad Aiman Md Zuki, Nazlena Mohamad Ali, Jun Kit Chaw

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Apr 21); 10:e79558

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Modeling Diabetes Risk and Progression With Public Health Data: Ontology-Guided, Simulation-Capable Digital Twin Study

Qingrui Li, Kapileshwor Ray Amat, Eric L Johnson, Juan Li

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Apr 21); 14:e87374

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Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Medical Disinformation Safeguards in Consumer-Facing Large Language Model Platforms

Natansh D Modi, Cyril A Alex, Abdulhalim A Awaty, Bradley D Menz, Stephen Bacchi, Kacper T Gradon, Jessica M Logan, Andrew Rowland, Lisa Kalisch Ellett, Ross A McKinnon, Michael D Wiese, Michael J Sorich, Ashley M Hopkins

JMIR Infodemiology 2026 (Apr 20); 6:e89831

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Quality of Clinical Notes Created by Ambient Listening Generative AI: Pragmatic Prospective Pilot Study

Sandra L Taylor, Melissa Jost, Scott MacDonald, Yunyi Ren, Shelley Hilton, Sadie Davenport, Debbie Aizenberg, Bruce Hall, Courtney R Lyles, Jason Y Adams

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Apr 17); 14:e86474

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Large Language Models in Cardiology: Systematic Review

Moran Gendler, Girish N Nadkarni, Karin Sudri, Michal Cohen-Shelly, Benjamin S Glicksberg, Orly Efros, Shelly Soffer, Eyal Klang

JMIR Cardio 2026 (Apr 16); 10:e76734

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Implementation and User Evaluation of an On-Premise Large Language Model in a German University Hospital Setting: Cross-Sectional Survey

Aliće Grünig, Jenifer Kriebel, Julian Varghese, Tim Herrmann, Sarah Sandmann, Christian Bruns

JMIR AI 2026 (Apr 15); 5:e84362

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Augmenting Large Language Model With Prompt Engineering and Supervised Fine-Tuning in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging: Framework Development and Validation

Ruonan Jin, Chao Ling, Yixuan Hou, Yuhan Sun, Ning Li, Jiefei Han, Jin Sheng, Qizhao Wang, Yuepeng Liu, Shen Zheng, Xingyu Ren, Chiyu Chen, Jue Wang, Cheng Li

JMIR AI 2026 (Apr 15); 5:e77988

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Classification of Cochrane Plain Language Summaries by Conclusiveness Using Transformer-Based Models and ChatGPT: Retrospective Observational Study

Antonija Mijatović, Luka Ursić, Nensi Bralić, Ružica Bandić, Barbara Ćaćić, Ivan Buljan, Ana Marušić

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Apr 14); 14:e72657

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Error Detection in Emergency Radiology Reports Using a Large Language Model: Multistage Evaluation Study

Hui Shen, Tianyang Wu, Fei Wang, Jin Fang, Yuange Li, Xiaoling Wu, Shuyi Liu, Liting Chen, Qiuping Ren, Xiao Meng, Jiatong Xu, Jie Sun, Yujie Zhao, Xin Liu, Liaoyuan Wang, Guipeng Mai, Jingjing You, Zhe Jin, Xuewei Wu, Wenle He, Xue Han, Shuixing Zhang, Dong Zeng, Bin Zhang

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Apr 14); 28:e86841

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Designing Psychologically Grounded Artificial Intelligence for Supporting Bystander-Based Cyberaggression Intervention: Mixed Methods Exploratory Study

Jinkyung Katie Park, Pinxuan (Alina) Yu, Vignesh Krishnan, Huaye Li, Linda A Reddy, Vivek K Singh

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Apr 13); 10:e84391

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Comparing Large Language Models and Traditional Machine Translation Tools for Translating Medical Consultation Summaries: Quantitative Pilot Feasibility Study

Andy Li, Wei Zhou, Rashina Hoda, Chris Bain, Peter Poon

JMIR Form Res 2026 (Apr 13); 10:e85169

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Developing and Validating a Coding Scheme for Clinical Reasoning in History Taking Using Generative AI–Based Virtual Patients: Systematic Text Condensation Approach

Naping Chen, Luzhen Tang, Yang Liu, Changmin Lin, Zijian Li, Chujun Shi, Mengyu Xia, Dragan Gasevic, Danijela Gasevic, Jinbin Zheng, Yizhou Fan, Xinyu Li

JMIR Med Educ 2026 (Apr 13); 12:e84347

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Beyond GPT-4: The Rapidly Evolving Potential of Large Language Models for Clinical Guideline Improvement

Scott D Nelson, Adam Wright

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Apr 10); 28:e95004

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Context-Aware Sentence Classification of Radiology Reports Using Synthetic Data: Development and Validation Study

Tomohiro Kikuchi, Yosuke Yamagishi, Kohei Yamamoto, Toshiaki Akashi, Harushi Mori, Hisaki Makimoto, Takahide Kohro

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Apr 10); 28:e86365

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The Alberta Quality Assessment Tool: Risk of Bias (AQAT:RoB) for the Evaluation of Medical Large Language Model Question-Answer Studies: Development and Pilot Validation

Carrie Ye, Joseph Ross Mitchell, Daniel C Baumgart, Zechen Ma, Angela Lim Fung, Daniela Garcia Orellana, Juel Chowdhury, Abdullah Abass, Steven Katz, Jacob L Jaremko, Pierre Boulanger, Claire E H Barber, Gillian Lemermeyer, Hosna Jabbari, Lili Mou, Maryam Mirzaei, Mary Waithera Beckett Githumbi, Puneeta Tandon, Randy Goebel, Rhys Clark, Whitney Hung, Marjan Abbasi, Farhad Maleki, Scott Klarenbach, Mohamed Abdalla

J Med Internet Res 2026 (Apr 08); 28:e87057

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Increasing Large Language Model Accuracy for Care-Seeking Advice Using Prompts Reflecting Human Reasoning Strategies in the Real World: Validation Study

Marvin Kopka, Markus A Feufel

JMIR Biomed Eng 2026 (Apr 08); 11:e88053

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Exploring the Role of AI in Managing Treatment Recommendations for Lymphedema: International, Multidisciplinary, Multiprofessional Survey Study of Trust, Reliability, and Impact on Decision-Making

Adriano Fabi, Caroline E Egli, Séverin R Wendelspiess, Sebastian Griewing, Yvonne Haas, Laura De Pellegrin, Dirk J Schaefer, Shan S Qiu, Yves Harder, Elisabeth A Kappos

JMIR Med Inform 2026 (Apr 08); 14:e80553

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