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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Chatbots and Conversational Agents (1225) Digital Mental Health Interventions, e-Mental Health and Cyberpsychology (3339) Digital Health, Telehealth and e-Innovation in Clinical Settings (750) Depression and Mood Disorders; Suicide Prevention (2518) Methods and New Tools in Mental Health Research (934) Artificial Intelligence (4968) Voice Assistants (73)

Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/97968, first published .
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Suicide-Related Responses From AI Chatbots Through Application Programming Interfaces and Consumer-Facing Apps: Observational Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Suicide-Related Responses From AI Chatbots Through Application Programming Interfaces and Consumer-Facing Apps: Observational Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Authors of this article:

Jonathan Cantor1 Author Orcid Image ;   Ellice Huang1 Author Orcid Image ;   Li Ang Zhang1 Author Orcid Image ;   Adrian Salas1 Author Orcid Image ;   Fang Zhang2, 3 Author Orcid Image ;   Alyssa Burnett2 Author Orcid Image ;   Andrew Lohn4 Author Orcid Image ;   Pat Pataranutaporn5 Author Orcid Image ;   Benjamin Rader6, 7 Author Orcid Image ;   Hao Yu2, 3 Author Orcid Image ;   Ryan K McBain8, 9 Author Orcid Image
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Jonathan Cantor   1 , PhD ;   Ellice Huang   1 , BA ;   Li Ang Zhang   1 , PhD ;   Adrian Salas   1 , BA ;   Fang Zhang   2, 3 , PhD ;   Alyssa Burnett   2 , MPH ;   Andrew Lohn   4 , PhD ;   Pat Pataranutaporn   5 , PhD ;   Benjamin Rader   6, 7 , PhD ;   Hao Yu   2, 3 , PhD ;   Ryan K McBain   8, 9 , PhD, MPH

1 RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, United States

2 Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States

3 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

4 Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Washington D.C., DC, United States

5 MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, United States

6 Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

7 Innovation and Digital Health Accelerator, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States

8 Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States

9 RAND Corporation, Arlington, VA, United States

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