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Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/94604, first published .
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Feasibility and Acceptability of Perioperative Application of Biofeedback-Based Virtual Reality vs Control for Pain and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Surgery: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Feasibility and Acceptability of Perioperative Application of Biofeedback-Based Virtual Reality vs Control for Pain and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Undergoing Surgery: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Anna M Lin   1 , MD ;   Brenna Rachwal   1 , MPH ;   Lindsey Asti   1 , PhD ;   Zandantsetseg Orgil   2 , BS ;   Isabela Santiago   1 , BS ;   Lili Ding   3 , PhD ;   Susmita Kashikar-Zuck   4 , PhD ;   Christopher D King   4 , PhD ;   Sara E Williams   5 , PhD ;   William R Black   2 , PhD ;   Peter C Minneci   1 , MD ;   Vanessa A Olbrecht   6 , MD, MBA

1 Department of Surgery, Nemours Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes Center, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE, United States

2 Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States

3 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States

4 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States

5 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States

6 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware, Wilmington, DE, United States

Corresponding Author:

  • Vanessa A Olbrecht, MD, MBA
  • Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine
  • Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Nemours Children's Hospital, Delaware
  • 1600 Rockland Road
  • Wilmington, DE 19803
  • United States
  • Phone: 1 3026680198
  • Email: vanessa.olbrecht@nemours.org