Detection of Pathological Voice Samples Using a Text-to-Speech–Inspired Approach With Multiple Model Architectures: Method Development and Comparative Evaluation Study

Marie Sophie Walter   ^{1, 2 *} , Msc ;   Muhittin Demir   ^{3 *} ;   Mattias Heinrich   ⁴ , Dr ;   Felix Nensa   ^{1, 2} , Dr med ;   Stephan Lang   ³ , Dr med ;   Nadia Sadok   ^{3 *} , MD, PhD ;   René Hosch   ^{1, 2 *} , Dr rer medic

¹ Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

² Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

³ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

⁴ University of Lübeck, Institute of Medical Informatics, Lübeck, Germany

*these authors contributed equally