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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Electronic/Mobile Data Capture, Internet-based Survey & Research Methodology (1727) Advanced Data Analytics in eHealth (341) Recruitment of Research Participants (463) Registered Report (1504) JMIR Theme Issue: COVID-19 Special Issue (4233)

Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

This is a member publication of University of Toronto

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/88838, first published .
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Battling the Bots and Defending Against Fraudulent Responses in an International Community-Engaged Web-Based Survey With People Living With Long COVID: Methodological Study

Battling the Bots and Defending Against Fraudulent Responses in an International Community-Engaged Web-Based Survey With People Living With Long COVID: Methodological Study

Authors of this article:

Kiera McDuff1 Author Orcid Image ;   Tai-Te Su1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Darren A Brown3, 4 Author Orcid Image ;   Jessica M Martin1 Author Orcid Image ;   Soo Chan Carusone5 Author Orcid Image ;   Sarah O'Connell6 Author Orcid Image ;   Imelda O'Donovan6 Author Orcid Image ;   Natalie St. Clair-Sullivan7 Author Orcid Image ;   Liam Townsend8, 9 Author Orcid Image ;   Susie Goulding10 Author Orcid Image ;   Mary Kelly4 Author Orcid Image ;   Lisa McCorkell11 Author Orcid Image ;   Hannah Wei12 Author Orcid Image ;   Margaret O'Hara13 Author Orcid Image ;   Leticia Soares11 Author Orcid Image ;   Lisa Avery14, 15 Author Orcid Image ;   Ciaran Bannan8, 9 Author Orcid Image ;   Colm Bergin8, 9 Author Orcid Image ;   Richard Harding7 Author Orcid Image ;   Julia Nathanson1 Author Orcid Image ;   Patricia Solomon16 Author Orcid Image ;   Angela M Cheung17, 18, 19 Author Orcid Image ;   Jaimie Vera20, 21 Author Orcid Image ;   Kelly K O'Brien1, 17, 22 Author Orcid Image
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