Performance of DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT-5 in the Generation of North American Spine Society Clinical Guidelines for Adult Vertebral Compression Fractures: Comparative Study

Ruiyuan Chen   ^{1 *} , MD ;   Yue Pan   ^{1, 2 *} , MM ;   Minghui Liang   ^{1 *} , MM ;   Aobo Wang   ¹ , MD ;   Ziqian Ma   ¹ , MD ;   Yu Xi   ¹ , MD ;   Ning Fan   ¹ , MD ;   Shuo Yuan   ¹ , MD ;   Peng Du   ¹ , MM ;   Tianyi Wang   ^{1, 3} , MD ;   Lei Zang   ¹ , MD

¹ Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

² Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Mentougou District Hospital, Beijing, China

³ See Acknowledgments

*these authors contributed equally