Performance of Vision-Enabled Large Language Models in Image-Based Electrocardiogram Interpretation: Exploratory Evaluation

Nibras Soubh   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Eva Rasenack   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Helge Haarmann   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Felix Wiedmann   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Markus Zabel   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Constanze Schmidt   ^{1, 2} , MD ;   Rayan Suliman   ^{3 *} , MD ;   Leonard Bergau   ^{1, 2 *} , MD

¹ Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany

² German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Lower Saxony, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

³ Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Municipal Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany

*these authors contributed equally