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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Chatbots and Conversational Agents (1259) Information Retrieval (504) New Methods (1890) Information Seeking, Information Needs (672) Artificial Intelligence (5123) Speech and Phonetics in Verbal Protocols (Think Aloud, Recall, and Explanation Tasks) (95)

Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/79961, first published .
Man holding smartphone and pill bottle, likely researching medication

Evolving Health Information–Seeking Behavior in the Context of Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT, and Alexa: Interview Study Using the Think-Aloud Protocol

Evolving Health Information–Seeking Behavior in the Context of Google AI Overviews, ChatGPT, and Alexa: Interview Study Using the Think-Aloud Protocol

Authors of this article:

Claire Wardle1 Author Orcid Image ;   Shaydanay Urbani2 Author Orcid Image ;   Eric Wang2 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (45) Tweetations (3) Metrics

Journals

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  2. Park H, Lee S, Lee K. ChatGPT performance in orthodontics. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie 2026 View
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  4. Lee J. When Advice Becomes Infrastructure: Ethical Governance of Conversational AI in Psychoactive Substance Information Ecosystems. Psychoactives 2026;5(1):6 View
  5. Michie C, Maheshwari A. Searching, a Rapidly Evolving Skill. Newborn 2026;5(1):1 View
  6. Alon L, Levkovich I. Consumer and Patient Health Information Seeking With Generative AI Tools: Scoping Review of Facilitators and Barriers. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2026;28:e93944 View
  7. Mason A, Ashmore A. Generative-AI as a source of caregiving guidance for medical tourists: A content and readability analysis. Patient Education and Counseling 2026;149:109630 View
  8. Tiao P, Chan H, Huang Y. Navigating Diabetes Management in the Digital Era: Scoping Review of Online Health Information-Seeking Behavior. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2026;28:e82081 View
  9. Ou M, Chen L, Zheng H. Social Media Attention, Risk Perception, and Generative AI-Based Health Information Seeking: A Multigroup Comparison Across Varying Levels of Machine Heuristics. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 2026:1 View
  10. Anand R, Semple C, Strutt L, Paul S, Hanna J, Li T. Evaluating the quality, reliability and readability of digital and artificial intelligence resources for adults with cancer who have significant caregiving responsibilities for children. PLOS Digital Health 2026;5(7):e0001493 View
  11. Scherenberg V. AI Health Literacy: a reflective framework for LLM-based generative AI in public health education and promotion. Frontiers in Public Health 2026;14 View
  12. Hack S, Tessler I, Saltz D, Hayu D, Henry J, Sanda G, Boldes T, Wolfovitz A, Horn D, Zalzal H, Aaron K. Quality of Tinnitus Information From Generative AI Systems and Web Search: An Expert‑Rated Comparative Study. Otology & Neurotology 2026;47(9):1196 View
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  14. Zhou Y, Honary M, Fayoumi A. Design Principles for a Risk-Aware Conversational Agent in Digital Mental Health Information Access: The Case of Cognitive Theatre. Information Systems Frontiers 2026 View
  15. Gao J, Munroe S, Zhang Y, Windett J. Cancer Information Burden Among US Cancer Survivors Using Health Information National Trends Survey 2022 and 2024: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Cancer 2026;12:e101310 View
  16. Won D, Kim S, Shin H. Guideline-Based Accuracy Scores and Educational Quality of Artificial Intelligence-Based Language Model Responses to Search-Result-Derived Korean Pediatric Dental Trauma Queries: A Two-Time-Point Exploratory Study. THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 2026;53(3):320 View
  17. Homs A, Le E, Gélis A, Viel E, Tavares-Figueiredo I, Coudeyre E, Dupeyron A. Quality of French-language online information on low back and radicular pain: A systematic evaluation of noncommercial websites. Patient Education and Counseling 2026;153:109836 View
  18. Nonye Tochi Aghanya , Osinakachi Akuma Kalu . Digital Distrust: Patient-Centred Communication and the Calibration of Epistemic Reliance in the Era of Online Self-Diagnosis and AI Symptom Checkers. Journal of Medical Clinical Case Reports 2026 View
  19. Ayre J, Hudson C, Hudson Barton M, Gallagher K, Smith J, Bamgboje-Ayodele A, Scott A, Woods A, Ng C, Wickramasinghe Y, Ma I, Edlund G, Butters L, Nadesan W, Vu T, Kapoor G, McCaffery K. Symptom checker formats to improve symptom management knowledge and trust in AI-enhanced advice: Qualitative insights. Patient Education and Counseling 2027;154:109874 View
  20. Özkaya Duyar Ö, Temircan Z. Çevrimiçi Sağlık Bilgisi Arama Davranışı Kapsamında Yapay Zekâ Tabanlı Uygulamaları Kullananlar ile Diğer Dijital Kaynakları Kullananlar Arasında Sağlık Kaygısı Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması. Niğde Tıp Dergisi 2026;3(6):264 View
  21. Luettgau L, Kirk H, Hackenburg K, Bergs J, Davidson H, Ogden H, Siddarth D, Huang S, Summerfield C, Guess A, Gelfand M. Conversational AI increases political knowledge as effectively as self-directed internet search. PNAS Nexus 2026;5(10) View
  22. Patel M. Building Answer Engine Trust : A Perspective on Entrepreneurial Healthcare Marketing in the Generative AI Era. AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship 2026:39 View
  23. Shinan-Altman S, Alon L, Levkovich I. Health information seeking with generative AI among adults with diabetes or prediabetes. DIGITAL HEALTH 2026;12 View
  24. Low L, Wijaya D, Shorey R, Ng J, Aw M, Ng N, Shorey S. Parenting Through Digital Information Work: Online Health Information-Seeking and Generative Artificial Intelligence Use Among Parents of Children With Chronic Illness in Singapore. Journal of Family Nursing 2026 View
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  26. Alzghaibi H, Alfuraydan M. AI chatbots for health information-seeking and self-diagnosis among Saudi university students: patterns of use, predictors, attitudes, and trust. Frontiers in Public Health 2026;14 View
  27. Alzahrani M, Almarghalani D, Hammad A, Alharbi A, Alhayfani M, Alharthi M, Momenah T, Almehmadi K, Alzahrani A, Alazwari D, Althobaiti A, Alkhudaidi M, Aljudayi E, Alsufyani D, Alsufyani H. Public knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the use of ChatGPT for self-diagnosis, health information, and medication use: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health 2026;14 View
  28. Chen R, Li J, Ngai C, Yeo T. Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Personal Health Contexts: Investigating Information Seeking Motivations, Information Processing Behaviors, and Behavioral Responses During and After Interaction with GenAI. Health Communication 2026:1 View
  29. Kim J, Parkhouse A, Leung R. Health-Related Generative AI Use Alongside and Beyond Professional Care: A Qualitative Content Analysis of Reddit Posts. Healthcare 2026;14(20):3429 View
  30. Alon L, Levkovich I. AI information literacy in healthcare context: profiles and associated variables among healthcare professionals. BMC Medical Education 2026;26(1) View
  31. Basch C, González T, Hillyer G, Jacques E, Basch C. Readability and Citation Sources of ChatGPT-Generated Responses to Lymphoma-Related Health Questions: Cross-Sectional Study. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 2026;18:e95067 View
  32. Moon W, Lim H. Who Do We Trust to Correct Health Misinformation? Credibility of AI-Generated Fact-Checking Messages. Health Communication 2026:1 View
  33. Xi H, Xu B. Debunking Health Misinformation with Generative AI: The Roles of Perceived Authority and Objectivity. Health Communication 2026:1 View
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  35. Koluman A, Ciftci E, Ciftci M, Cakmur B, Ziroglu N. Evaluating the reliability, quality, and readability of AI-generated patient education on hallux valgus: a comparative study of large language models. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2026;26(1) View
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  37. Olagoke A, Ramirez M, Chen Y, Davidson Mhonde R, Adebayo C. Equitable Visibility Optimization: Discovering Credible Health Information in an Era of Artificial Intelligence-Driven Search. Health Education & Behavior 2026 View
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Conference Proceedings

  1. Azzopardi L, Roegiest A. Proceedings of the 2026 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. Information Farming View
  2. Ramesh S, Daneshzand F, Rashidi B, Raj S, Subramonyam H, Rajabiyazdi F. Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Metacognitive Demands and Strategies While Using Off-The-Shelf AI Conversational Agents for Health Information Seeking View
  3. Sünkler S, Lewandowski D, Schultheiß S, Koop O. Companion Publication of the 2026 18th ACM Web Science Conference. Information Diversity and Authority Shifts in Google’s AI Overviews: An Audit of Health Queries View
  4. Trikha K, Madrzyk B, Castelino A, Bahrini A. 2026 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). MedAgent: Trustworthy Personalized Consumer Health Search via Multi-Agent Retrieval and Verification View
  5. Allawati S, McKay D, Sanderson M, Thomas P, Trippas J. Proceedings of the 49th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. An Eye Tracking Study: Are AI Overviews Changing Search Behavior? View
  6. Chiu M, Li K. Proceedings of the 26th ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Who Does Google Cite for Health? Auditing the Source Ecosystem of AI Overviews in Taiwan View
  7. Imaniawan F, Purwanto P, Supriyadi D. 2026 International Conference on Information Technology Research and Innovation (ICITRI). An Observational Study of Web Page Signals Associated with Google AI Overview Source Selection View