Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

1 Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
3 Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
4 Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
5 Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
6 Chartis, San Francisco, CA, United States
7 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
8 Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
9 Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, Menlo Park, CA, United States
10 Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
11 Meta (United States), Menlo Park, CA, United States
12 Crisis Text Line, New York, NY, United States
*these authors contributed equally
