This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Digital Health Reviews (1724) Artificial Intelligence (2129) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (740) Web-based and Mobile Health Interventions (4018) Behavior Change (863) mHealth for Wellness, Behavior Change and Prevention (3315) Mobile Health (mhealth) (3464)

Published on in Vol 25 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/40789, first published .
Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbots for Promoting Health Behavioral Changes: Systematic Review

Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbots for Promoting Health Behavioral Changes: Systematic Review

Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbots for Promoting Health Behavioral Changes: Systematic Review

Authors of this article:

Abhishek Aggarwal1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Cheuk Chi Tam1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Dezhi Wu3, 4 Author Orcid Image ;   Xiaoming Li1, 2, 3 Author Orcid Image ;   Shan Qiao1, 2, 3 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (356) Tweetations (8) Metrics

Journals

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  241. Thaker H, Lacheheb Z, Lelchumanan B, Duasa J, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. Examining factors influencing chatbot adoption in Takaful industry: Malaysian evidence. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 2025 View
  242. Raimi R, Kim A, Ayabakan S, Dennis A. Judgmental Bot: Conversational Agents in Online Mental Health Screening. MIS Quarterly 2025;49(4):1319 View
  243. Maimaitijiang E, Aihaiti M, Mamatjan Y. An Explainable AI Framework for Online Diabetes Risk Prediction with a Personalized Chatbot Assistant. Electronics 2025;14(18):3738 View
  244. Jeon S, Lee S, Kim E, Eun J, Lee K, Lim H, Lee J. Generative AI Chatbot for Diabetes Management: Formative 2-Part Qualitative Study Using DTalksBot Involving Patients and Clinicians. JMIR Formative Research 2025;9:e72553 View
  245. Chen Y, Ho K, Zong X, Weng Y, Yuan C, Yorke J. The digital intelligent precise nursing framework: theory development in health recommender system. BMC Nursing 2025;24(1) View
  246. Amil S, Gagnon M, Bédard A, Da S, Zavala Mora D, Drapeau V, Desroches S. Interactive conversational agents to improve dietary behaviors for health promotion: A Mixed Systematic Review (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025 View
  247. Zorlu Ö, Günal U, Yazici S. The quality, accuracy, and readability of information about hidradenitis suppurativa provided by artificial intelligence: Comparative analysis of ChatGPT, Copilot, and Perplexity. Medicine 2025;104(39):e44728 View
  248. Qian Y, Tang W, Xu T, Zhu D, Hua W. Emotional support powered by artificial intelligence in healthcare settings: A scoping review of technologies, contents, and outcomes. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2025;172:105243 View
  249. Padmanabh S, Dagli S, Bargale S. Exploring the potential of chatGPT in addressing parental concerns on primary tooth eruption. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 2025;43(3):354 View
  250. Dellavalle N, Ellis J, Moore A, Akerson M, Andazola M, Campbell E, DeCamp M. What patients want from healthcare chatbots: insights from a mixed-methods study. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2025;32(11):1735 View
  251. Gavilánez T, Zamora N, Navarrete J, Vega N, Vergara G. AI-Based Virtual Assistant for Solar Radiation Prediction and Improvement of Sustainable Energy Systems. Sustainability 2025;17(19):8909 View
  252. Ormeño-Arriagada P, Márquez G, Taramasco C, Gatica G, Vasconez J, Navarro E. Early Oral Cancer Detection with AI: Design and Implementation of a Deep Learning Image-Based Chatbot. Applied Sciences 2025;15(19):10792 View
  253. Montelaghi A, Ciorciari A, Roklicer R, Jurak G, Carraro A. AI in motion: a systematic review of artificial intelligence-driven virtual assistants for physical activity promotion and their comparison with traditional strategies. Artificial Intelligence Review 2025;58(12) View
  254. Cabello J, Ruiz Garcia V, Torralba M, Maldonado Fernandez M, Ubeda M, Ansuategui E, Ramos-Ruperto L, Emparanza J, Urreta I, Iglesias M, Pijoan J, Burls A. CRITICAL APPRAISAL TOOLS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CLINICAL STUDIES: A SCOPING REVIEW. (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025 View
  255. Cheng W, Lee Y, Jamieson J, Wang W, Lin W. Understanding How Chatbot Phrasing Styles and Care Demonstration Influence Overweight Users' Adherence Intention Towards Chatbots Supporting Weight Management. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2025;9(7):1 View
  256. Teke J, Msiska M, Adanini O, Egbon E, Osborne A, Olawade D. Artificial intelligence for obesity management: A review of applications, opportunities, and challenges. Obesity Medicine 2025;58:100657 View
  257. Bosschaerts K, Kashefi A, De Marez L, Conradie P, Van Hoecke S, Ongenae F. Designing a just-in-time adaptive intervention with trigger detection and a generative chatbot: Smoking cessation use case. DIGITAL HEALTH 2025;11 View
  258. Kalu K, Ataguba G, Onifade O, Orji F, Giweli N, Orji R. Application of Artificial Intelligence Technologies as an Intervention for Promoting Healthy Eating and Nutrition in Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients 2025;17(20):3223 View
  259. He J, Calluso C, Donato C, Thouvarecq R, Iodice P. Self-image matters: Examining individual differences in resistance to loss framing messages. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2026;89:104583 View
  260. Lim S, Yang Q, Meng J, Rains S. The role of communication in health-focused conversational AI: a review of systematic reviews examining conversational features, design characteristics, and interaction functions. Behaviour & Information Technology 2025:1 View
  261. ЛОТОЦЬКА Л, БРЕЙДАК Ю. РОЗМОВНИЙ ШТУЧНИЙ ІНТЕЛЕКТ В ОХОРОНІ ЗДОРОВ'Я: ПЕРЕВАГИ ТА ВАРІАНТИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ. Вісник соціальної гігієни та організації охорони здоров'я України 2025;(3):128 View
  262. Kim D, Zhang J, Sagae K, Devon H, Hoffmann T, Rountree L, Fukuoka Y. Human-Delivered Conversation Versus AI Chatbot Conversation in Increasing Heart Attack Knowledge in Women in the United States: Quasi-Experimental Studies. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e73184 View
  263. Vilanti T, Luiro K, Dahlqvist I, Piipponen J, Hemminki-Reijonen U, Tkalcan S, Ketamo H, Koivisto J. Contraception-related topics in chat dialogues between healthcare students and generative AI patients: a natural language processing analysis. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1) View
  264. Wang Y, Farb N. An Exploratory Study of Chatbot-Based Mindfulness for Mental Health Support. Mindfulness 2025;16(11):3143 View
  265. Martel M, José-Garcia A, Vens C, De Vos M, Sobanski V. Artificial intelligence for precision medicine. Therapies 2025 View
  266. Ahmad A, Murad M, Utra U, Yussof N, Fazial F, Lazim A, Fazry S, Law D. Transforming Food Systems with Artificial Intelligence: Challenges, Governance, and Pathways for Sustainable Integration. Food Reviews International 2025:1 View
  267. van Kolfschooten H, Gonçalves J, Orchard N, Figueroa C. AI chatbots for promoting healthy habits: Legal, ethical, and societal considerations. DIGITAL HEALTH 2025;11 View
  268. Vanhée L, Scarpa S. Is Addiction Research Addicted to Artificial Intelligence? Mapping the Intersection of Artificial Intelligence, Substance Use and Mental Health Through a Bibliometric Analysis. Drug and Alcohol Review 2025 View
  269. Rivera J, Zapata S, Pizarro R, Keith B. Enhancing Chatbot Performance in a SaaS Platform Through Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Prompt Engineering: A Case Study in Behavioral Safety Analysis. Knowledge 2025;5(4):25 View
  270. Chuang Y, Chang R, Cheng Y, Huang S, Yu T, Shu K. Generative-AI Based Health Advisory System for Patients with Chronic Diseases. Mobile Networks and Applications 2025 View
  271. Harding N, Bovopoulos N, Caspi D, Martin C, McPhie S, Bouadjenek M, Aryal S, Hobbs M. A Scoping Review of Large Language Model Chatbot Use for Alcohol and Other Drug Health Information. Drug and Alcohol Review 2025 View
  272. Sezgin E, Jackson D, Boch S, Davenport M, Skeens M, Dolce M, Frankin B, Militello L, Lyman E, Kelleher K. Digital Health Technologies for Screening and Identifying Unmet Social Needs: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e78793 View
  273. Mina A, Ghadban E, Boutros T, Saade N, Fayad L, Karam M, Breidi S, Elias M, Ghosh M, Khoury L, Naassan N, Khoury R. AI chatbots as ‘pocket doctors’: intimate health support for young women in Lebanon. BMC Public Health 2025;25(1) View
  274. Eskandar K. The role of artificial intelligence in orthopedic surgery: Current applications and future perspectives—A systematic review of the literature. Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología 2025 View
  275. Suzuki H, Zhang J, Kim D, Sagae K, DeVon H, Fukuoka Y. AI or Human? Message Humanness Predicts Perceiving AI as Human: A Secondary Data Analysis of the HeartBot Study (Preprint). JMIR AI 2024 View
  276. Eiroa-Solans C, Inzlicht M. From extrinsic to intrinsic motivation: Testing an AI-powered motivational interviewing system to foster prosocial motivation. Computers in Human Behavior Reports 2026;21:100882 View
  277. Huynh A, Roy T, Jackson K, Lee A, Liaw W, Hossain M. Applications of artificial intelligence-based conversational agents in healthcare: A systematic umbrella review. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2026;207:106204 View
  278. Tang X, Li Z, Sun X, Xu X, Zhang M. ZzzMate: Designing an Empathetic Chatbot for Addressing Self-Conscious Emotions for Sleep Adherence. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2025:1 View
  279. Zhang Q, Wong A, Hui V. Conversational agent-based interventions for lifestyle behavior modification in older adults: a systematic review. Systematic Reviews 2025 View
  280. Alzahrani L. The Impact of AI-Driven Chatbots and Virtual Assistants on Users’ Satisfaction and Actual Usage in Digital Healthcare Services. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) 2025;14(4):1 View
  281. Kuhail M, Al-Shamaileh O, Farooq S, Shahin H, Abdelzaher F, Thomas J, Kaura N. A Systematic Review on Mental Health Chatbots: Trends, Design Principles, Evaluation Methods, and Future Research Agenda. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2025;2025(1) View
  282. Singh K, Prabhu A, Kaur N. The Impact and Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare: Systematic Review. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2025;25(22):2635 View
  283. Aayisha , Choolani M, Chong S, Chee C, Mathews J, Goh Y, Shah L, Lim L, Mörelius E, Eriksson J, Shorey S. ‘Giving and Receiving’—Peer Volunteers' Experiences of Online Perinatal Support: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2025 View
  284. Liu Q, Liu S, Si G, Cui K. Which voice aids mental health interactions? Exploring dual-pathway effects of voice anthropomorphism of AI health chatbots on patient anxiety. Industrial Management & Data Systems 2025:1 View
  285. Karamüftüoğlu N, Varol E, Bal C. Exploring artificial intelligence chatbots in pediatric fluoride education: a cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports 2025 View
  286. Granata V, Fusco R, Setola S, Santorsola M, Ottaiano A, Cerrone M, Pizza N, Ferrara G, Zerunian M, Caruso D, Laghi A, Karaboue M, Izzo F, Petrillo A. An Update of AI and Radiomics in Precision Oncology: Insights from Liver Tumors as Case Models. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 2025;24 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Abidi M, Rehman A, Mian S, Alkhalefah H, Usmani Y. Modern Healthcare Marketing in the Digital Era. View
  2. Mir Y, Piñero Pérez P, Pupo I, Acuña L, Pérez R. Computational Intelligence in Engineering and Project Management. View
  3. Muthmainnah M, Al Yakin A, NurJannah , Mursidin M, Al Aqad M. Driving Smart Medical Diagnosis Through AI-Powered Technologies and Applications. View
  4. Dierikx M, Albers N, Scheltinga B, Brinkman W. Persuasive Technology. View
  5. Barua R. Advances in Computational Intelligence for the Healthcare Industry 4.0. View
  6. Adrian W, Ignacyk J, Pyrczak K, Kluza K, Wiśniewski P, Ligęza A. Artificial Intelligence for Knowledge Management, Energy and Sustainability. View
  7. Wu L, Xiang P, Chen Y, Li J, Cao Z, Qi J. Big Data and Social Computing. View
  8. Marzo R. Modern Management Science Practices in the Age of AI. View
  9. Dey S, Singh K. Exploring the Micro World of Robotics Through Insect Robots. View
  10. Nakayama L, Zago Ribeiro L, Ferraz D, Regatieri C. Diseases of the Retina and Vitreous. View
  11. Rahmani P, Mortazavi P, Aghaei Meybodi H, Patrinos G, Sarhangi N, Nikfar S, Larijani B, Khodayari N, Hasanzad M. A Glimpse at Medicine in the Future. View
  12. Turchioe M, Lai A, Siek K. Human Computer Interaction in Healthcare. View
  13. Shaikh M, Dsilva J, Usmani F. Transforming Healthcare Sector Through Artificial Intelligence and Environmental Sustainability. View
  14. Sowbarnika A, Patra A, Kaur L, Suresh S, Srivastava S, Chawla D. Chatbots and Mental Healthcare in Psychology and Psychiatry. View
  15. Jain S, Singh R, Agarwal B, Singh A. Exploring Psychology, Social Innovation and Advanced Applications of Machine Learning. View
  16. Beg M, Verma M. Chatbots and Mental Healthcare in Psychology and Psychiatry. View
  17. Garg V, Malhotra C, Kumar H, Bhardwaj A, Bansal R, Saini S. Innovations in Healthcare Technologies in India. View
  18. Herbst S, Hossein M. Artificial Intelligence for Oral Health Care. View
  19. Li L, Ma C. The Handbook of Primary Healthcare. View
  20. Diniz J. Federated Learning Systems. View
  21. Bassin S, Vaca R, Srinath R. Lifestyle Medicine. View
  22. Malviya R, Rajput S. Advances and Insights into AI-Created Disability Supports. View
  23. Aldendorff P, Löhe J. Soziale Digitalisierung. View
  24. Tseng Y, Chen S, Mah K, Chen Y. Cross-Cultural Design. View
  25. Fu M, Chan W. Oxford Intersections: AI in Society. View
  26. Gkintoni E, Telonis G, Tsimakis A, Halkiopoulos C, Boutsinas B. Innovation and Creativity in Tourism, Business and Social Sciences. View
  27. Farrahi V, Sanchez-Trigo H, Schmidt M, Jaitner T. Künstliche Intelligenz und maschinelles Lernen in der Sportwissenschaft. View
  28. Farrahi V, Sánchez-Trigo H, Schmidt M, Jaitner T. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Sports Science. View
  29. Shamsizadeh M. Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology. View
  30. Serour R, Elsheikh S, Musolin M, Huda M. Research Perspectives on Software Engineering and Systems Design. View
  31. Nakayama L, Zago Ribeiro L, Ferraz D, Regatieri C. Diseases of the Retina and Vitreous. View
  32. Rustagi S, Pandey V, Singh D, Jain D, Madan A. Plant-Based Drug Discovery. View
  33. Singh S, Raj A, Mugale A, Saranya G. Congress on Smart Computing Technologies. View
  34. Alam W, Sari R. Proceedings of Tenth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology. View
  35. Lange M, Schaller A. Fehlzeiten-Report 2025. View
  36. Hendi N, Abouelmagd M, Sharkawy A, Jasim E, Amin A. Feeding the Mind: The Connection Between Diet, Drugs, and Mental Health Volume 2. View
  37. Twyman J, Layng T. Applied Behavior Analysis for Business and Technology Applications. View
  38. PATIL C, MANE D, GUDUR A, MALPE K. AI‐driven Innovations in Physiotherapy and Oncology 1. View
  39. Yadav Y, Tajne S, Malhotra V. ICT Analysis and Applications. View
  40. Rangel Teixeira A, Teixeira Lopes C. Emerging Trends in Information Systems and Technologies. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. S A, A S, R A, S D, Sekar R. 2023 International Conference on Research Methodologies in Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence and Telecommunication Engineering (RMKMATE). A Novel AI-based chatbot Application for Personalized Medical Diagnosis and review using Large Language Models View
  2. Ahmadi S, Fox E. 2024 IEEE First International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Medicine, Health and Care (AIMHC). AI Chatbot for Generating Episodic Future Thinking (EFT) Cue Texts for Health View
  3. Young J, Jawara L, Nguyen D, Daly B, Huh-Yoo J, Razi A. Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. The Role of AI in Peer Support for Young People: A Study of Preferences for Human- and AI-Generated Responses View
  4. Chandra P, Joshi G, Bhagwat R. 2023 IEEE Engineering Informatics. ChatGPT's Evolution in Reshaping Cognitive Behavioral Therapy View
  5. Khurana S, Malik A, Narwal S, Agarwal G, Sangwan K. 2024 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Applications (ICCICA). Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Sector View
  6. Pietrantoni N. 2023 Fourth International Conference on Information Systems and Software Technologies (ICI2ST). A Structured Literature Review on Conversational Agents that Empower Health Interventions View
  7. Oliveira G, Pah N, Ngo Q, Papa J, Kumar D. 2024 IEEE 37th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). NestNeuro: Leveraging Chatbots for Vocal Screening View
  8. Asif M, Manan A, Ur Rehman A, Asghar M, Umair M. 2024 Horizons of Information Technology and Engineering (HITE). AI-Driven Chatbot for Intrusion Detection in Edge Networks: Enhancing Cybersecurity with Ethical User Consent View
  9. Fallah M, Nouraei F, Yun H, Bickmore T. Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Investigating User Perceptions of Collaborative Agenda Setting in Virtual Health Counseling Session View
  10. Bludo G, Buabeng-Andoh F. Proceedings of the 18th International Scientific Conference INPROFORUM. Leveraging Social Media Engagement Data for Predicting Consumer Buying Behaviour: A Systematic Literature Review View
  11. Lestarini D, Raflesia S. 2024 International Conference of Adisutjipto on Aerospace Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICAAEEI). Towards AI Chatbot Effectiveness: Crucial Elements Impacting User Engagement and Satisfaction View
  12. Reategui-Rivera C, Smiley A, Finkelstein J. 2025 IEEE 15th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC). LLM-Based Chatbot to Reduce Mental Illness Stigma in Healthcare Providers View
  13. A B, Scaria J, Trivedi A, Sharma T, Yadav A, Nair R. 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on ICT in Business Industry & Government (ICTBIG). Exploring Ethical Dimensions of Employing Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Healthcare Environments View
  14. Natarajan B, Harini S, Fathima M, Subhashini S. 2024 4th International Conference on Soft Computing for Security Applications (ICSCSA). Nutrition and Food Suggestions for Healthcare using Chatbot View
  15. Gadhvi R, Petkar S, Desai P, Ramachandran S, Siddharth S. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. AdaptAI: A Personalized Solution to Sense Your Stress, Fix Your Mess, and Boost Productivity View
  16. Jörke M, Sapkota S, Warkenthien L, Vainio N, Schmiedmayer P, Brunskill E, Landay J. Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. GPTCoach: Towards LLM-Based Physical Activity Coaching View
  17. Sato T, Sano T, Kumakawa E, Fujimura K, Yamashita N. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. What Dialogue Content Leads to a Trust Relationship and Behavior Change? Dialogue and Questionnaire Analysis View
  18. Lin Y, Chen Y, Chuang C, Yuan C, Bi N, Chang H, Huang M, You C. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Using the Kano Method to Evaluate Features of Chatbot-Based Technological Support for Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder View
  19. Wang W. 2024 IEEE 6th Eurasia Conference on IoT, Communication and Engineering. vFerryman: An Artificial Intelligence-Driven Personalized Companion Providing Calming Visuals and Social Interaction for Emotional Well-Being View
  20. Singh S, Panda S, Singh A, Bala A. 2024 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Energy Efficient Technologies (I3CEET). First-Aid Medykit Assistant Chatbot using Natural Language Processing Techniques View
  21. Fetrati H, Chan G, Orji R. Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. Leveraging Generative and Rule-Based Models for Persuasive STI Education: A Multi-Chatbot Mobile Application View
  22. Doudkin A, Pataranutaporn P, Maes P. Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. From Synthetic to Human: The Gap Between AI-Predicted and Actual Pro-Environmental Behavior Change After Chatbot Persuasion View
  23. Nagare P, Shirke P. FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVENT TRENDS IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: ICATCICT2024. A comprehensive review of efficient multimedia smart chatbots for customer service: Leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning View
  24. S T, Kumar A, C P, B V, M N. 2025 International Conference on Computing Technologies (ICOCT). AI-Powered Health Chatbot for Affordable Healthcare Access in Low-Income Communities View
  25. Mahapatro P, Sreedhar K, Inusha S, Niteeshkumar K, Babu A, Pulla R. 2025 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS). Enhanced Health Care System with Chatbot and Voicebot Using Deep Learning View
  26. S J, A A, S S, C S, S J, P F. 2025 3rd International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Data Communication Systems (ICSCDS). AI-based Chatbot for Daily Activity and Healthy Life View
  27. Herter E, C. Horstmann A. Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Judged by a Chatbot? An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Expectancy Violations on Users' Trust in AI-based Chatbots. View
  28. Zhuang N, Ma Y, Zhao X, Ying W, Chai S, Weng S, Xue M, Mao Y, Yao C. Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction. Understanding and Supporting Multimodal AI Chat Interactions of DHH College Students: an Empirical Study View
  29. Jiang Y, Xie B, Xu L, Lei X, Qiu S, Yu L, Hui P. Proceedings of the 33rd ACM International Conference on Multimedia. Generative Multi-Sensory Meditation: Exploring Immersive Depth and Activation in Virtual Reality View
  30. Chuang Y, Cheng Y, Yu T, Chang R, Chin H, Deng D. 2025 21th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob). Generative-AI Based Health Management System for CKD Patients View