Published on in Vol 24, No 8 (2022): August

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/36823, first published .
Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Literature Review and Content Analysis of Frameworks

Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Literature Review and Content Analysis of Frameworks

Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Literature Review and Content Analysis of Frameworks

Journals

  1. KELEŞ H. TIPTA YAPAY ZEKA UYGULAMALARI. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 2022;24(3):604 View
  2. Kharb S, Joshi A. Multi-omics and machine learning for the prevention and management of female reproductive health. Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023;14 View
  3. Crossnohere N, Childerhose J, Bose-Brill S. Increasing the Patient-Centeredness of Predictive Analytics Tools. The Patient - Patient-Centered Outcomes Research 2022;15(6):615 View
  4. Zou K, Li J. Enhanced Patient-Centricity: How the Biopharmaceutical Industry Is Optimizing Patient Care through AI/ML/DL. Healthcare 2022;10(10):1997 View
  5. Bignami E, Vittori A, Lanza R, Compagnone C, Cascella M, Bellini V. The Clinical Researcher Journey in the Artificial Intelligence Era: The PAC-MAN’s Challenge. Healthcare 2023;11(7):975 View
  6. Zulqarnain F, Rhoads S, Syed S. Machine and deep learning in inflammatory bowel disease. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2023;39(4):294 View
  7. Kavian J, Wilkey H, Patel P, Boyd C. Harvesting the Power of Artificial Intelligence for Surgery: Uses, Implications, and Ethical Considerations. The American Surgeon™ 2023;89(12):5102 View
  8. Titov O, Bykanov A, Pitskhelauri D. Neurosurgical skills analysis by machine learning models: systematic review. Neurosurgical Review 2023;46(1) View
  9. van der Vegt A, Scott I, Dermawan K, Schnetler R, Kalke V, Lane P. Implementation frameworks for end-to-end clinical AI: derivation of the SALIENT framework. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2023;30(9):1503 View
  10. Klement W, El Emam K. Consolidated Reporting Guidelines for Prognostic and Diagnostic Machine Learning Modeling Studies: Development and Validation. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e48763 View
  11. Price R. From the Editor. Microscopy Today 2023;31(6):7 View
  12. Makridis C, Boese A, Fricks R, Workman D, Klote M, Mueller J, Hildebrandt I, Kim M, Alterovitz G. Informing the ethical review of human subjects research utilizing artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Computer Science 2023;5 View
  13. SAI CHARAN L. REVIEW ON THE POTENTIAL FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO REVOLUTIONIZE HEALTHCARE DIAGNOSTICS. SALT Journal of Scientific Research in Healthcare 2023:23 View
  14. van der Vegt A, Campbell V, Mitchell I, Malycha J, Simpson J, Flenady T, Flabouris A, Lane P, Mehta N, Kalke V, Decoyna J, Es’haghi N, Liu C, Scott I. Systematic review and longitudinal analysis of implementing Artificial Intelligence to predict clinical deterioration in adult hospitals: what is known and what remains uncertain. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(2):509 View
  15. Kaneko M, Magoulianitis V, Ramacciotti L, Raman A, Paralkar D, Chen A, Chu T, Yang Y, Xue J, Yang J, Liu J, Jadvar D, Gill K, Cacciamani G, Nikias C, Duddalwar V, Jay Kuo C, Gill I, Abreu A. The Novel Green Learning Artificial Intelligence for Prostate Cancer Imaging. Urologic Clinics of North America 2024;51(1):1 View
  16. Kelkar A, Hantel A, Koranteng E, Cutler C, Hammer M, Abel G. Digital Health to Patient-Facing Artificial Intelligence: Ethical Implications and Threats to Dignity for Patients With Cancer. JCO Oncology Practice 2024;20(3):314 View
  17. Sumner J, Lim H, Chong L, Bundele A, Mukhopadhyay A, Kayambu G. Artificial intelligence in physical rehabilitation: A systematic review. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 2023;146:102693 View
  18. Alowais S, Alghamdi S, Alsuhebany N, Alqahtani T, Alshaya A, Almohareb S, Aldairem A, Alrashed M, Bin Saleh K, Badreldin H, Al Yami M, Al Harbi S, Albekairy A. Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice. BMC Medical Education 2023;23(1) View
  19. Rodriguez H, Rust B, Hansen P, Maffulli N, Gupta M, Potty A, Gupta A. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Rotator Cuff Tears. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review 2023;31(3):67 View
  20. Rahrooh A, Garlid A, Bartlett K, Coons W, Petousis P, Hsu W, Bui A. Towards a framework for interoperability and reproducibility of predictive models. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2024;149:104551 View
  21. van Velzen M, de Graaf-Waar H, Ubert T, van der Willigen R, Muilwijk L, Schmitt M, Scheper M, van Meeteren N. 21st century (clinical) decision support in nursing and allied healthcare. Developing a learning health system: a reasoned design of a theoretical framework. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2023;23(1) View
  22. Miao J, Thongprayoon C, Suppadungsuk S, Garcia Valencia O, Qureshi F, Cheungpasitporn W. Innovating Personalized Nephrology Care: Exploring the Potential Utilization of ChatGPT. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2023;13(12):1681 View
  23. He X, Zheng X, Ding H. Existing Barriers Faced by and Future Design Recommendations for Direct-to-Consumer Health Care Artificial Intelligence Apps: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e50342 View
  24. Rahman W, Abdelkader A, Lee S, Yang P, Islam M, Adnan T, Hasan M, Wagner E, Park S, Dorsey E, Schwartz C, Jaffe K, Hoque E. A User-Centered Framework to Empower People with Parkinson's Disease. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 2023;7(4):1 View
  25. Thangaraju P, Sudha TY S, Velmurugan H, Thangaraju E, Chirumamilla K, Chakrabarti T, Chakrabarti P. A Registry-based Audit of a Current Situation of Clinical Research in COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques: A Systematic Review. Coronaviruses 2023;4(4) View
  26. Tiwade Y, Bankar N, Mishra V, Sajjanar A. Review of the potential benefits and challenges of artificial intelligence in clinical laboratory. Journal of Cellular Biotechnology 2024;10(1):17 View
  27. Hobensack M, von Gerich H, Vyas P, Withall J, Peltonen L, Block L, Davies S, Chan R, Van Bulck L, Cho H, Paquin R, Mitchell J, Topaz M, Song J. A rapid review on current and potential uses of large language models in nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2024;154:104753 View
  28. Shen O, Pratap J, Li X, Chen N, Bhashyam A. How Does ChatGPT Use Source Information Compared With Google? A Text Network Analysis of Online Health Information. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research 2024;482(4):578 View
  29. Rosselló-Jiménez D, Docampo S, Collado Y, Cuadra-Llopart L, Riba F, Llonch-Masriera M. Geriatrics and artificial intelligence in Spain (Ger-IA project): talking to ChatGPT, a nationwide survey. European Geriatric Medicine 2024;15(4):1129 View
  30. Lee S. Development of a chest X-ray machine learning convolutional neural network model on a budget and using artificial intelligence explainability techniques to analyze patterns of machine learning inference. JAMIA Open 2024;7(2) View
  31. Hartmann L, Langhans D, Eggarter V, Freisenich T, Hillenmayer A, König S, Vounotrypidis E, Wolf A, Wertheimer C. Keratoconus Progression Determined at the First Visit: A Deep Learning Approach With Fusion of Imaging and Numerical Clinical Data. Translational Vision Science & Technology 2024;13(5):7 View
  32. Soukup T, Dean Franklin B. Quality, safety and artificial intelligence. BMJ Quality & Safety 2024;33(6):406 View
  33. Obradovich N, Khalsa S, Khan W, Suh J, Perlis R, Ajilore O, Paulus M. Opportunities and risks of large language models in psychiatry. NPP—Digital Psychiatry and Neuroscience 2024;2(1) View
  34. Buetow S, Lovatt J. From insight to innovation: Harnessing artificial intelligence for dynamic literature reviews. The Journal of Academic Librarianship 2024;50(4):102901 View
  35. Shlobin N, Ward M, Shah H, Brown E, Sciubba D, Langer D, D'Amico R. Ethical Incorporation of Artificial Intelligence into Neurosurgery: A Generative Pretrained Transformer Chatbot-Based, Human-Modified Approach. World Neurosurgery 2024;187:e769 View
  36. Khan S, Hoodbhoy Z, Raja M, Kim J, Hogg H, Manji A, Gulamali F, Hasan A, Shaikh A, Tajuddin S, Khan N, Patel M, Balu S, Samad Z, Sendak M, Ni Z. Frameworks for procurement, integration, monitoring, and evaluation of artificial intelligence tools in clinical settings: A systematic review. PLOS Digital Health 2024;3(5):e0000514 View
  37. Aslan S. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND IMMUNIZATION. Experimental and Applied Medical Science 2024;5(2):95 View
  38. Desolda G, Dimauro G, Esposito A, Lanzilotti R, Matera M, Zancanaro M. A Human–AI interaction paradigm and its application to rhinocytology. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 2024;155:102933 View
  39. Oualikene-Gonin W, Jaulent M, Thierry J, Oliveira-Martins S, Belgodère L, Maison P, Ankri J. Artificial intelligence integration in the drug lifecycle and in regulatory science: policy implications, challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024;15 View
  40. Campagner A, Milella F, Ciucci D, Cabitza F. Three-way decision in machine learning tasks: a systematic review. Artificial Intelligence Review 2024;57(9) View
  41. Sallam M, Al-Mahzoum K, Alshuaib O, Alhajri H, Alotaibi F, Alkhurainej D, Al-Balwah M, Barakat M, Egger J. Language discrepancies in the performance of generative artificial intelligence models: an examination of infectious disease queries in English and Arabic. BMC Infectious Diseases 2024;24(1) View
  42. Aboalshamat K. Assessment of the Quality and Readability of Web-Based Arabic Health Information on Halitosis: Infodemiological Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e54072 View
  43. Kijewski S, Ronchi E, Vayena E. The rise of checkbox AI ethics: a review. AI and Ethics 2025;5(3):1931 View
  44. Koçak B, Keleş A, Köse F. Meta-research on reporting guidelines for artificial intelligence: are authors and reviewers encouraged enough in radiology, nuclear medicine, and medical imaging journals?. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology 2024;0(0):0 View
  45. Cervantes López M, Cruz Casados J, Cruz Casados L. Inteligencia artificial en la gestión de la medicina: avances y desafíos. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia 2024;29(108):1817 View
  46. Barlow R, Bewley A, Gkini M. AI in Psoriatic Disease: Scoping Review. JMIR Dermatology 2024;7:e50451 View
  47. Shawky E, Zhu W, Tian J, Abu El-Khair R, Selim D. Metabolomics-Driven Prediction of Vegetable Food Metabolite Patterns: Advances in Machine Learning Approaches. Food Reviews International 2025;41(4):1051 View
  48. Haddiya I, Ramdani S, Zeroual A, Vanderhaegen F. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: A focus on the best practices. ITM Web of Conferences 2024;69:02010 View
  49. Surdu A, Budala D, Luchian I, Foia L, Botnariu G, Scutariu M. Using AI in Optimizing Oral and Dental Diagnoses—A Narrative Review. Diagnostics 2024;14(24):2804 View
  50. Hayoun Y, Gannot I. Healthcare delivery in the arctic-telehealth prospects. International Journal of Circumpolar Health 2025;84(1) View
  51. Siira E, Johansson H, Nygren J. Mapping and Summarizing the Research on AI Systems for Automating Medical History Taking and Triage: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e53741 View
  52. AlSamhori A, Alnaimat F. Artificial intelligence in writing and research: ethical implications and best practices. Central Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ethics 2024;5(4):259 View
  53. Shiferaw K, Roloff M, Balaur I, Welter D, Waltemath D, Zeleke A. Guidelines and standard frameworks for artificial intelligence in medicine: a systematic review. JAMIA Open 2024;8(1) View
  54. Maehara H, Ueno Y, Yamaguchi T, Kitaguchi Y, Miyazaki D, Nejima R, Inomata T, Kato N, Chikama T, Ominato J, Yunoki T, Tsubota K, Oda M, Suzutani M, Sekiryu T, Oshika T. The importance of clinical experience in AI-assisted corneal diagnosis: verification using intentional AI misleading. Scientific Reports 2025;15(1) View
  55. Basubrin O. Current Status and Future of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Cureus 2025 View
  56. Ramakrishnaiah Y, Macesic N, Webb G, Peleg A, Tyagi S. EHR-ML: A data-driven framework for designing machine learning applications with electronic health records. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2025;196:105816 View
  57. Starke G, Gille F, Termine A, Aquino Y, Chavarriaga R, Ferrario A, Hastings J, Jongsma K, Kellmeyer P, Kulynych B, Postan E, Racine E, Sahin D, Tomaszewska P, Vold K, Webb J, Facchini A, Ienca M. Finding Consensus on Trust in AI in Health Care: Recommendations From a Panel of International Experts. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e56306 View
  58. Troian M, Lovadina S, Ravasin A, Arbore A, Aleksova A, Baratella E, Cortale M. An Assessment of ChatGPT’s Responses to Common Patient Questions About Lung Cancer Surgery: A Preliminary Clinical Evaluation of Accuracy and Relevance. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2025;14(5):1676 View
  59. Morone G, De Angelis L, Martino Cinnera A, Carbonetti R, Bisirri A, Ciancarelli I, Iosa M, Negrini S, Kiekens C, Negrini F. Artificial intelligence in clinical medicine: a state-of-the-art overview of systematic reviews with methodological recommendations for improved reporting. Frontiers in Digital Health 2025;7 View
  60. Lo Bianco G, Robinson C, D’Angelo F, Cascella M, Natoli S, Sinagra E, Mercadante S, Drago F. Effectiveness of Generative Artificial Intelligence-Driven Responses to Patient Concerns in Long-Term Opioid Therapy: Cross-Model Assessment. Biomedicines 2025;13(3):636 View
  61. Wang Z, Sun J, Liu H, Luo X, Li J, He W, Yang Z, Lv H, Chen Y, Wang Z. Development and Performance of a Large Language Model for the Quality Evaluation of Multi‐Language Medical Imaging Guidelines and Consensus. Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 2025;18(2) View
  62. Silvera-Tawil D, Higgins L, Packer K, Bayor A, Walker J, Li J, Niven P, Khanna S, Byrnes J, Bradford D, Freyne J. AI-enabled AT Framework: a principles-based approach to emerging assistive technology. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology 2025;20(7):1955 View
  63. Heller M, Maderbacher G, Schuster M, Forchhammer L, Scharf M, Renkawitz T, Pagano S. Comparison of an AI-driven planning tool and manual radiographic measurements in total knee arthroplasty. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal 2025;28:148 View
  64. Shean R, Shah T, Sobhani S, Tang A, Setayesh A, Bolo K, Nguyen V, Xu B. OpenAI o1 Large Language Model Outperforms GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 Flash, and Human Test Takers on Ophthalmology Board–Style Questions. Ophthalmology Science 2025;5(6):100844 View
  65. Giordano L, Pagana A, Minciullo P, Fazio M, Stagno F, Gangemi S, Genovese S, Allegra A. Artificial Intelligence in the Management of Hereditary and Acquired Hemophilia: From Genomics to Treatment Optimization. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2025;26(13):6100 View
  66. Shean R, Shah T, Pandiarajan A, Tang A, Bolo K, Nguyen V, Xu B. A comparative analysis of DeepSeek R1, DeepSeek-R1-Lite, OpenAi o1 Pro, and Grok 3 performance on ophthalmology board-style questions. Scientific Reports 2025;15(1) View
  67. Hochheiser H, Klug J, Mathie T, Pollard T, Raffa J, Ballard S, Conrad E, Edakalavan S, Joseph A, Alnomasy N, Nutman S, Hill V, Kapoor S, Claudio E, Kravchenko O, Li R, Nourelahi M, Diaz J, Taylor W, Rooney S, Woeltje M, Celi L, Horvat C, Cheungpasitporn W. Raising awareness of potential biases in medical machine learning: Experience from a Datathon. PLOS Digital Health 2025;4(7):e0000932 View
  68. Husain L. The Algorithmic Paradox: How Artificial Intelligence Challenges the Traditional Framework of Clinical Practice Guidelines. Clinical and Public Health Guidelines 2025;2(3) View
  69. Thornton C, Daniali M, Wang L, Makeneni S, Barz Leahy A. Using Natural Language Processing to Identify Symptomatic Adverse Events in Pediatric Oncology: Tutorial for Clinician Researchers. JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology 2025;6:e70751 View
  70. Imoto Y, Inui T, Matsui K, Watanabe Y, Igari T, Takeuchi S, Kimura M, Yagi S, Kawano H. Deep Learning Model for Osteoporosis Screening From Chest Radiographs: A Multicenter Analysis of External Robustness and Model Calibration. Cureus 2025 View
  71. Agur Cohen D, Heymann A, Levkovich I. Partners in Practice: Primary Care Physicians Define the Role of Artificial Intelligence. Healthcare 2025;13(16):1972 View
  72. Wells B, Nguyen H, McWilliams A, Pallini M, Bovi A, Kuzma A, Kramer J, Chou S, Hetherington T, Corn P, Taylor Y, Cuison A, Gagen M, Isreal M, Akbilgic O, Barr K, Bowers A, Caffrey R, Carroll M, CiRullo M, Downs S, Hardy N, Heuay J, Katzovitz K, Kirkendall E, Lindgren E, Lonergan L, McKinley E, Pajewski N, Sak-Castellano L, Setliff E, Wright G. A practical framework for appropriate implementation and review of artificial intelligence (FAIR-AI) in healthcare. npj Digital Medicine 2025;8(1) View
  73. Eke C, Shuib L, Phiri M. A comprehensive survey of AI trust frameworks in healthcare: current state and future directions. Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology 2025 View
  74. Cabello J, Ruiz Garcia V, Torralba M, Maldonado Fernandez M, Ubeda M, Ansuategui E, Ramos-Ruperto L, Emparanza J, Urreta I, Iglesias M, Pijoan J, Burls A. CRITICAL APPRAISAL TOOLS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CLINICAL STUDIES: A SCOPING REVIEW. (Preprint). Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025 View
  75. Torous J, Ledley K, Gorban C, Strudwick G, Schwarz J, Choudhary S, Emerson M, Patriquin M, Dempsey A, Bantjes J, Ospina-Pinillos L, Hornick J, Kochhar S. Accelerating Digital Mental Health: The Society of Digital Psychiatry’s Three-Pronged Road Map for Education, Digital Navigators, and AI. JMIR Mental Health 2025;12:e84501 View
  76. Dwyer B, Flathers M, Sano A, Dempsey A, Cipriani A, Gazi A, Hill B, Gorban C, Rodriguez C, Stromeyer C, King D, Rozenblit E, Strudwick G, Linardon J, Cheong J, Firth J, Herpertz J, Schwarz J, Truong K, Emerson M, Paulus M, Patriquin M, Hua Y, Choudhary S, Siddals S, Pinillos L, Bantjes J, Scheuller S, Xu X, Duckworth K, Gillison D, Wood M, Torous J. Mindbench.ai: an actionable platform to evaluate the profile and performance of large language models in a mental healthcare context. NPP—Digital Psychiatry and Neuroscience 2025;3(1) View
  77. Di Vita E, Caivano G, Sciarra F, Lo Bianco S, Messina P, Cumbo E, Caradonna L, Nigliaccio S, Fontana D, Scardina A, Scardina G. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Healthcare: A Complexity-Based Framework for Model–Context–Relation Alignment. Applied Sciences 2025;15(22):12005 View
  78. Thaker N, Shetty N, Kazmi S, L’Official-German I, Flora D. The Future of Scientific Publishing in Oncology: Content Designed for Artificial Intelligence Ingestion. AI in Precision Oncology 2025;2(6):223 View
  79. Hirosawa T, Harada Y, Shimizu T. Transforming world and word: a longitudinal analysis of verb usage within English abstracts from medical articles. AI & SOCIETY 2025 View
  80. Spillias S, Trebilco R, Adams M, Boschetti F, Constable A, Dunstan P, Ferrier S, Porobic J, Grimberg E, Grigg N, Harfoot M, Hirsch P, Hobday A, Holden M, Hutton T, Kaur S, Melbourne-Thomas J, Paris C, Parker D, Plagányi É, Rogers J, Stitzlein C, Weiley V, Wild-Allen K, Woolley S, Fulton E. The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Ecosystem Modeling. BioScience 2025 View
  81. Singh K, Prabhu A, Kaur N. The Impact and Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare: Systematic Review. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2025;25(22):2635 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Sonawane U, Komorowski M. Beyond Quantity. View
  2. Baum S, Manikas K. Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. View
  3. . How to Read a Paper. View
  4. Kee K, Schulz P, Sung J. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Societies. View
  5. Fedushko S, Kunch Z, Kharchuk L. Developments in Information and Knowledge Management Systems for Business Applications. View
  6. Wee A, Lin M, Jenkins M, Lee S. Navigating Health Information in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Wei X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Cao X, Zhou Y. 2022 7th International Conference on Communication, Image and Signal Processing (CCISP). Epileptic seizure prediction from multivariate EEG data using Multidimensional convolution network View
  2. Ruan C, Huang C, Yang Y. 2025 13th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (ICBCB). Comprehensive Evaluation of Multimodal AI Models in Medical Imaging Diagnosis: from Data Augmentation to Preference-Based Comparison View