Published on in Vol 23, No 9 (2021): September

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/29839, first published .
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Community-Based Primary Health Care: Systematic Scoping Review and Critical Appraisal

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Community-Based Primary Health Care: Systematic Scoping Review and Critical Appraisal

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Community-Based Primary Health Care: Systematic Scoping Review and Critical Appraisal

Journals

  1. Shi J, Wei S, Gao Y, Mei F, Tian J, Zhao Y, Li Z. Global output on artificial intelligence in the field of nursing: A bibliometric analysis and science mapping. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 2023;55(4):853 View
  2. Kaswa R, Nair A, Murphy S, Von Pressentin K. Artificial intelligence: A strategic opportunity for enhancing primary care in South Africa. South African Family Practice 2022;64(1) View
  3. Sørensen N, Bemman B, Jensen M, Moeslund T, Thomsen J. Machine learning in general practice: scoping review of administrative task support and automation. BMC Primary Care 2023;24(1) View
  4. Légaré F, Stacey D, Forest P, Archambault P, Boland L, Coutu M, Giguère A, LeBlanc A, Lewis K, Witteman H. Shared decision-making in Canada: Update on integration of evidence in health decisions and patient-centred care government mandates. Zeitschrift für Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen 2022;171:22 View
  5. Rahimi S, Kolahdoozi M, Mitra A, Salmeron J, Navali A, Sadeghpour A, Mir Mohammadi S. Quantum-Inspired Interpretable AI-Empowered Decision Support System for Detection of Early-Stage Rheumatoid Arthritis in Primary Care Using Scarce Dataset. Mathematics 2022;10(3):496 View
  6. Black G, Bhuiya A, Friedemann Smith C, Hirst Y, Nicholson B. Harnessing the Electronic Health Care Record to Optimize Patient Safety in Primary Care: Framework for Evaluating e–Safety-Netting Tools. JMIR Medical Informatics 2022;10(8):e35726 View
  7. Terry A, Kueper J, Beleno R, Brown J, Cejic S, Dang J, Leger D, McKay S, Meredith L, Pinto A, Ryan B, Stewart M, Zwarenstein M, Lizotte D. Is primary health care ready for artificial intelligence? What do primary health care stakeholders say?. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2022;22(1) View
  8. Zhang F, Wu S, Qu M, Zhou L, Teekaraman Y. [Retracted] Application of a Remotely Controlled Artificial Intelligence Analgesic Pump Device in Painless Treatment of Children. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022;2022(1) View
  9. Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S, Cwintal M, Huang Y, Ghadiri P, Grad R, Poenaru D, Gore G, Zomahoun H, Légaré F, Pluye P. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Shared Decision Making: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2022;10(8):e36199 View
  10. Sharma M, Savage C, Nair M, Larsson I, Svedberg P, Nygren J. Artificial Intelligence Applications in Health Care Practice: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2022;24(10):e40238 View
  11. Heck T. What artificial intelligence knows about 70 kDa heat shock proteins, and how we will face this ChatGPT era. Cell Stress and Chaperones 2023;28(3):225 View
  12. Singareddy S, SN V, Jaramillo A, Yasir M, Iyer N, Hussein S, Nath T. Artificial Intelligence and Its Role in the Management of Chronic Medical Conditions: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023 View
  13. Erku D, Khatri R, Endalamaw A, Wolka E, Nigatu F, Zewdie A, Assefa Y. Digital Health Interventions to Improve Access to and Quality of Primary Health Care Services: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2023;20(19):6854 View
  14. Nyariro M, Emami E, Caidor P, Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S. Integrating equity, diversity and inclusion throughout the lifecycle of AI within healthcare: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023;13(9):e072069 View
  15. Harris J. An AI-Enhanced Electronic Health Record Could Boost Primary Care Productivity. JAMA 2023;330(9):801 View
  16. Oudin A, Maatoug R, Bourla A, Ferreri F, Bonnot O, Millet B, Schoeller F, Mouchabac S, Adrien V. Digital Phenotyping: Data-Driven Psychiatry to Redefine Mental Health. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e44502 View
  17. Saif‐Ur‐Rahman K, Islam M, Alaboson J, Ola O, Hasan I, Islam N, Mainali S, Martina T, Silenga E, Muyangana M, Joarder T. Artificial intelligence and digital health in improving primary health care service delivery in LMICs: A systematic review. Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 2023;16(3):303 View
  18. Burnazovic E, Yee A, Levy J, Gore G, Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S. Application of Artificial intelligence in COVID-19-related geriatric care: A scoping review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2024;116:105129 View
  19. Zeltzer D, Herzog L, Pickman Y, Steuerman Y, Ber R, Kugler Z, Shaul R, Ebbert J. Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in Virtual Primary Care. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Digital Health 2023;1(4):480 View
  20. Korb-Savoldelli V, Tran Y, Perrin G, Touchard J, Pastre J, Borowik A, Schwartz C, Chastel A, Thervet E, Azizi M, Amar L, Kably B, Arnoux A, Sabatier B. Psychometric Properties of a Machine Learning–Based Patient-Reported Outcome Measure on Medication Adherence: Single-Center, Cross-Sectional, Observational Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e42384 View
  21. Sasseville M, Ouellet S, Rhéaume C, Couture V, Després P, Paquette J, Gentelet K, Darmon D, Bergeron F, Gagnon M. Risk of Bias Mitigation for Vulnerable and Diverse Groups in Community-Based Primary Health Care Artificial Intelligence Models: Protocol for a Rapid Review. JMIR Research Protocols 2023;12:e46684 View
  22. Bundi D. Adoption of machine learning systems within the health sector: a systematic review, synthesis and research agenda. Digital Transformation and Society 2024;3(1):99 View
  23. Akinrinmade A, Adebile T, Ezuma-Ebong C, Bolaji K, Ajufo A, Adigun A, Mohammad M, Dike J, Okobi O. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Perception and Reality. Cureus 2023 View
  24. Zhou T, Luo Y, Li J, Zhang H, Meng Z, Xiong W, Zhang J. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Oncology Nursing. Cancer Nursing 2024;47(6):436 View
  25. Karunananthan S, Rahgozar A, Hakimjavadi R, Yan H, Dalsania K, Bergman H, Ghose B, LaPlante J, McCutcheon T, McIsaac D, Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S, Sourial N, Thandi M, Wong S, Liddy C. Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Identification and Management of Frailty: A Scoping Review Protocol. BMJ Open 2023;13(12):e076918 View
  26. Couture V, Germain N, Côté É, Lavoie L, Robitaille J, Morin M, Chouinard J, Couturier Y, Légaré F, Hardy M, Chartier L, Brousseau A, Sourial N, Mercier É, Dallaire C, Fleet R, Leblanc A, Melady D, Roy D, Sinha S, Sirois M, Witteman H, Émond M, Rivard J, Pelletier I, Turcotte S, Samb R, Giguère R, Abrougui L, Smith P, Archambault P. Transitions of care for older adults discharged home from the emergency department: an inductive thematic content analysis of patient comments. BMC Geriatrics 2024;24(1) View
  27. Graves M. Modeling morality and spirituality in artificial chaplains. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 2024;2(1):100051 View
  28. Joseph A, Babu A, Prakash L. Revolutionising alcohol use disorder treatment in developing countries: integrating artificial intelligence and technology-driven approaches. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2024;15 View
  29. Ranjbari D, Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S. Implications of conscious AI in primary healthcare. Family Medicine and Community Health 2024;12(Suppl 1):e002625 View
  30. Şenoymak M, Erbatur N, Şenoymak İ, Fırat S. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Endocrine Management: Assessing ChatGPT’s Responses to Prolactinoma Queries. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2024;14(4):330 View
  31. Kuziemsky C, Chrimes D, Minshall S, Mannerow M, Lau F. AI Quality Standards in Health Care: Rapid Umbrella Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e54705 View
  32. Mousavi M, Shafiee S, Harley J, Cheung J, Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S. Performance of generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) in Certification Examination of the College of Family Physicians of Canada. Family Medicine and Community Health 2024;12(Suppl 1):e002626 View
  33. Jain H, Marsool M, Odat R, Noori H, Jain J, Shakhatreh Z, Patel N, Goyal A, Gole S, Passey S. Emergence of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Models in Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A Comprehensive Review of Predictive Performance and Clinical Decision Support. Cardiology in Review 2024 View
  34. Inchingolo F, Inchingolo A, Fatone M, Avantario P, Del Vecchio G, Pezzolla C, Mancini A, Galante F, Palermo A, Inchingolo A, Dipalma G. Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Primary Care: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2024;21(6):662 View
  35. Tolentino R, Baradaran A, Gore G, Pluye P, Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi S. Curriculum Frameworks and Educational Programs in AI for Medical Students, Residents, and Practicing Physicians: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Education 2024;10:e54793 View
  36. Azizoğlu F, Terzi B. Global Trends on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing: A Descriptive and Evaluative Bibliometric Analysis Study. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi 2024;6(2):149 View
  37. Sharma N. Use of AI in Pediatric Occupational Therapy: A Review. Rehabilitation Science 2024;9(2):21 View
  38. Alam M, Sajib M, Rahman F, Ether S, Hanson M, Sayeed A, Akter E, Nusrat N, Islam T, Raza S, Tanvir K, Chisti M, Rahman Q, Hossain A, Layek M, Zaman A, Rana J, Rahman S, Arifeen S, Rahman A, Ahmed A. Implications of Big Data Analytics, AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning in the Health Care System of Bangladesh: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e54710 View
  39. Khanam M, Akther S, Mizan I, Islam F, Chowdhury S, Ahsan N, Barua D, Hasan S. The Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Unveiling Healthcare's Future. Cureus 2024 View
  40. Jerfy A, Selden O, Balkrishnan R. The Growing Impact of Natural Language Processing in Healthcare and Public Health. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2024;61 View
  41. Tortum F, Kasali K. Exploring the potential of artificial intelligence models for triage in the emergency department. Postgraduate Medicine 2024;136(8):841 View
  42. Xiao S, Dong Y, Xia Y, Xu H, Weng F, Liang G, Yi Q, Ai C. Current Trends in Chronic Non-Communicable Disease Management: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Past Two Decades. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2024;Volume 17:5001 View
  43. Sasseville M, Ouellet S, Rhéaume C, Sahlia M, Couture V, Després P, Paquette J, Darmon D, Bergeron F, Gagnon M. Bias Mitigation in Primary Health Care Artificial Intelligence Models: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e60269 View
  44. Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S, Shrivastava R, Brown-Johnson A, Caidor P, Davies C, Idrissi Janati A, Kengne Talla P, Madathil S, Willie B, Emami E. EDAI Framework for Integrating Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Throughout the Lifecycle of AI to Improve Health and Oral Health Care: Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e63356 View
  45. Tunalıgil V. The evolving dynamics of natural versus artificial intelligence: An emergent framework for public health technology assessment. Eurasian Journal of Health Technology Assessment 2025;8(2):119 View
  46. Lamem M, Sahid M, Ahmed A. Artificial intelligence for access to primary healthcare in rural settings. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health 2025;5:100173 View
  47. Kerth J, Hagemeister M, Bischops A, Reinhart L, Dukart J, Heinrichs B, Eickhoff S, Meissner T. Artificial intelligence in the care of children and adolescents with chronic diseases: a systematic review. European Journal of Pediatrics 2024;184(1) View
  48. Katsakiori P, Kagadis G, Mulita F, Marangos M. Implementing Artificial Intelligence in Family Medicine: Challenges and Limitations. Cureus 2024 View
  49. Franco D’Souza R, Surapaneni K, P S, Regupathy A, Mathew M, Mishra V, Kalaimathi A, Sekkizhar G, Tandon R, Louis Palatty P, Mady V. Convergence of Diverse Expertise: A Multidisciplinary Training on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Technology and Research. Journal of Academic Ethics 2025;23(3):885 View
  50. Matalon J, Spurzem A, Ahsan S, White E, Kothari R, Varma M. Reader’s digest version of scientific writing: comparative evaluation of summarization capacity between large language models and medical students in analyzing scientific writing in sleep medicine. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024;7 View
  51. Chaturvedi U, Chauhan S, Singh I. The impact of artificial intelligence on remote healthcare: Enhancing patient engagement, connectivity, and overcoming challenges. Intelligent Pharmacy 2025;3(5):323 View
  52. Zhong J, Zhu T, Huang Y. Reporting Quality of AI Intervention in Randomized Controlled Trials in Primary Care: Systematic Review and Meta-Epidemiological Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e56774 View
  53. Nejadshamsi S, Karami V, Ghourchian N, Armanfard N, Bergman H, Grad R, Wilchesky M, Khanassov V, Vedel I, Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi S. Development and Feasibility Study of HOPE Model for Prediction of Depression Among Older Adults Using Wi-Fi-based Motion Sensor Data: Machine Learning Study. JMIR Aging 2025;8:e67715 View
  54. Dehnavieh R, Inayatullah S, Yousefi F, Nadali M. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the future of Iran’s Primary Health Care (PHC) system. BMC Primary Care 2025;26(1) View
  55. Qin H, Tong Y. Opportunities and Challenges for Large Language Models in Primary Health Care. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 2025;16 View
  56. Gómez Cano C. The role of artificial intelligence and big data in health sciences research: Review of advances and educational perspectives. Seminars in Medical Writing and Education 2022;1:71 View
  57. Tolentino R, Hersson-Edery F, Yaffe M, Abbasgholizadeh-Rahimi S. AIFM-ed Curriculum Framework for Postgraduate Family Medicine Education on Artificial Intelligence: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Medical Education 2025;11:e66828 View
  58. Abdulazeem H, Meckawy R, Schwarz S, Novillo-Ortiz D, Klug S. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary care physicians toward clinical AI-assisted digital health technologies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2025;201:105945 View
  59. Castrillón Isaza K, Giraldo Restrepo J, García Uribe J. Riesgos y oportunidades de la inteligencia artificial en el cuidado de enfermería: una revisión de alcance. Trilogía Ciencia Tecnología Sociedad 2025;17(35):e3272 View
  60. Vergara P, Oliveira J, Mattiello R, Montelongo A, Roman R, Katz N, Wives L, Rados D. Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence for Gatekeeping in Referrals to Specialized Care. JAMA Network Open 2025;8(6):e2513285 View
  61. Hunik L, Chaabouni A, van Laarhoven T, Olde Hartman T, Leijenaar R, Cals J, Uijen A, Schers H. Diagnostic Prediction Models for Primary Care, Based on AI and Electronic Health Records: Systematic Review. JMIR Medical Informatics 2025;13:e62862 View
  62. Sharma N. Artificial Intelligence and Occupational Therapy. SBV Journal of Basic, Clinical and Applied Health Science 2025;8(2):45 View
  63. Katonai G, Arvai N, Mesko B. AI and Primary Care: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e65950 View
  64. Bin Omar M, Binti Hamdan N, Bin Mohd Amirruddin A, Binti Azmi N. Patients' Views and Expectations of Consultations in Primary Care in Malaysia: A Qualitative Study. Cureus 2025 View
  65. Karami M, Madlool H. Artificial intelligence and digital health in the health systems of developing countries: the challenges and vision of integration in the primary health care setting. Frontiers in Digital Health 2025;7 View
  66. Nesa L, Rony M, Chowdhury S, Naznin M, Halder K, Ara M, Akter N, Mankhin K, Shabnur J, Alam J, Parvin M, Alrazeeni D, Akter F. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Scoping Review of Medical Professionals' Acceptance and Institutional Challenges in Implementation. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 2025;31(4) View
  67. Završnik J, Kokol P, Žlahtič B, Blažun Vošner H. Machine Learning in Primary Health Care: The Research Landscape. Healthcare 2025;13(13):1629 View
  68. Wang T, Emami E, Jafarpour D, Tolentino R, Gore G, Rahimi S, Kuo P. Integrating equity, diversity, and inclusion throughout the lifecycle of artificial intelligence for healthcare: a scoping review. PLOS Digital Health 2025;4(7):e0000941 View
  69. Kimiagari S. Evaluating Canada's Position in AI Adoption for eHealth System. International Journal of Knowledge Management 2025;21(1):1 View
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  71. Yokoe T, Roversi G, Sevivas N, Kamei N, Diniz P, Pereira H. The assessment of ChatGPT‐4's performance compared to expert's consensus on chronic lateral ankle instability. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics 2025;12(3) View
  72. Yokoe T, Roversi G, Sevivas N, Kamei N, Diniz P, Pereira H. ChatGPT-4 Responses on Ankle Cartilage Surgery Often Diverge from Expert Consensus: A Comparative Analysis. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2025;10(3) View
  73. Simão B, Pereira C, Jácome M, Oliveira C, Ferreira L, Paiva J, Braga C, Cardoso C. Artificial intelligence in the prescription of acute medical treatments in primary healthcare – comparison of the performance of family physicians and ChatGPT. BMC Primary Care 2025;26(1) View
  74. Nyoro M, Kamau J, Gikandi J. A review on solving the interoperability challenge of health care systems using artificial intelligence. African Journal of Empirical Research 2025;6(3):1031 View
  75. Hoogland M, Brigham T, Spencer A. A Snapshot of Canadian Professional Development Dilemmas. Journal of Hospital Librarianship 2025:1 View
  76. Limaj S, D'Urso A, D'Amato M, Taddeini F, Capitani E, Vencia F, Catani V, Pianigiani L, Salutini E, Albino A, Turillazzi R, Vendramini E, De Luca A. Metaverso in sanità: prospettive future e la sperimentazione in Toscana Sud Est. MECOSAN 2025;(132):97 View
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Books/Policy Documents

  1. Zhou Y. Tenth International Conference on Applications and Techniques in Cyber Intelligence (ICATCI 2022). View
  2. Wojda T, Hoffman C, Kindler K, Desai A, Visweswaran S. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Surgery - An Exploration of Current Trends, Potential Opportunities, and Evolving Threats - Volume 2. View
  3. Damingo L, Igulu K, Saturday N, Asunogie T, Kizzy E. Revolutionizing Healthcare: Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Patient Care. View
  4. Meißner T, Konrad K, Kerth J, Reinhart L, Henn A, Bell L, Bischops A, Hagemeister M. Künstliche Intelligenz im Einsatz für die erfolgreiche Patientenreise. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Kozak L, Kovalenko O, Romanyuk O, Biliavenko L, Kryvova O. 2023 IEEE 18th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technologies (CSIT). Intelligent Information Technologies and Software Modules for Determining the Human Health State in Normal and Pathological Conditions View
  2. Fernando I, Nepia L. 2024 16th IIAI International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI). Orthogonal Vector Projection Method for Medical Diagnosis View
  3. Zakiuddin K, Dhale S, Fulzele P. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 2023: ITSEMC2023. Implementation of AI in healthcare challenges and potential View
  4. Fernando I. 2024 17th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI-Winter). An Algorithm for Deriving Weights for the Orthogonal Vector Projection Method in Automated Medical Diagnostic Reasoning View