This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Chatbots and Conversational Agents (542) Artificial Intelligence (1409)

Published on in Vol 21, No 4 (2019): April

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/12887, first published .
Physicians’ Perceptions of Chatbots in Health Care: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey

Physicians’ Perceptions of Chatbots in Health Care: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey

Physicians’ Perceptions of Chatbots in Health Care: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Survey

Authors of this article:

Adam Palanica1 Author Orcid Image ;   Peter Flaschner2 Author Orcid Image ;   Anirudh Thommandram1 Author Orcid Image ;   Michael Li1 Author Orcid Image ;   Yan Fossat1 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (219) Tweetations (36) Metrics

Journals

  1. Paranjape K, Schinkel M, Nannan Panday R, Car J, Nanayakkara P. Introducing Artificial Intelligence Training in Medical Education. JMIR Medical Education 2019;5(2):e16048 View
  2. Jensen T, Holgersen M, Jespersen M, Blomberg S, Folke F, Lippert F, Christensen H. Strategies to Handle Increased Demand in the COVID-19 Crisis: A Coronavirus EMS Support Track and a Web-Based Self-Triage System. Prehospital Emergency Care 2021;25(1):28 View
  3. Espinoza J, Crown K, Kulkarni O. A Guide to Chatbots for COVID-19 Screening at Pediatric Health Care Facilities. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2020;6(2):e18808 View
  4. Barwise A, Patten C, Bock M, Hughes C, Brockman T, Valdez Soto M, Wi C, Juhn Y, Witt D, Sinicrope S, Kreps S, Saling H, Levine J, Balls-Berry J. Acceptability of Robotic-Assisted Exercise Coaching Among Diverse Youth: Pilot Study. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 2019;2(2):e12549 View
  5. Marcus J, Sewell W, Balzer L, Krakower D. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for HIV Prevention: Emerging Approaches to Ending the Epidemic. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2020;17(3):171 View
  6. Roca S, Sancho J, García J, Alesanco Á. Microservice chatbot architecture for chronic patient support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2020;102:103305 View
  7. Paranjape K, Schinkel M, Nanayakkara P. Short Keynote Paper: Mainstreaming Personalized Healthcare-Transforming Healthcare through new era of Artificial Intelligence. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2020:1 View
  8. Nadarzynski T, Miles O, Cowie A, Ridge D. Acceptability of artificial intelligence (AI)-led chatbot services in healthcare: A mixed-methods study. DIGITAL HEALTH 2019;5 View
  9. Blandford A. HCI for health and wellbeing: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 2019;131:41 View
  10. Maeda E, Miyata A, Boivin J, Nomura K, Kumazawa Y, Shirasawa H, Saito H, Terada Y. Promoting fertility awareness and preconception health using a chatbot: a randomized controlled trial. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2020;41(6):1133 View
  11. Schmidt T, Mewes P, Hoffmann J, Müller‐von Aschwege F, Glitza J, Schmitto J, Schulte‐Eistrup S, Sindermann J, Reiss N. Improved aftercare in LVAD patients: Development and feasibility of a smartphone application as a first step for telemonitoring. Artificial Organs 2020;44(3):248 View
  12. Abd-Alrazaq A, Rababeh A, Alajlani M, Bewick B, Househ M. Effectiveness and Safety of Using Chatbots to Improve Mental Health: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020;22(7):e16021 View
  13. Xing Z, Yu F, Du J, Walker J, Paulson C, Mani N, Song L. Conversational Interfaces for Health: Bibliometric Analysis of Grants, Publications, and Patents. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2019;21(11):e14672 View
  14. Zhong C, Li Y. Internet of things sensors assisted physical activity recognition and health monitoring of college students. Measurement 2020;159:107774 View
  15. Ren X, Spina G, De Vries S, Bijkerk A, Faber B, Geraedts A. Understanding Physician’s Experience With Conversational Interfaces During Occupational Health Consultation. IEEE Access 2020;8:119158 View
  16. Tudor Car L, Dhinagaran D, Kyaw B, Kowatsch T, Joty S, Theng Y, Atun R. Conversational Agents in Health Care: Scoping Review and Conceptual Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020;22(8):e17158 View
  17. Powell J. Trust Me, I’m a Chatbot: How Artificial Intelligence in Health Care Fails the Turing Test. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2019;21(10):e16222 View
  18. Buchanan C, Howitt M, Wilson R, Booth R, Risling T, Bamford M. Predicted Influences of Artificial Intelligence on Nursing Education: Scoping Review. JMIR Nursing 2021;4(1):e23933 View
  19. Lee D, Yoon S. Application of Artificial Intelligence-Based Technologies in the Healthcare Industry: Opportunities and Challenges. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021;18(1):271 View
  20. Adamopoulou E, Moussiades L. Chatbots: History, technology, and applications. Machine Learning with Applications 2020;2:100006 View
  21. Cheng Y, Jiang H. AI‐Powered mental health chatbots: Examining users’ motivations, active communicative action and engagement after mass‐shooting disasters. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 2020;28(3):339 View
  22. te Pas M, Rutten W, Bouwman R, Buise M. User Experience of a Chatbot Questionnaire Versus a Regular Computer Questionnaire: Prospective Comparative Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2020;8(12):e21982 View
  23. Koman J, Fauvelle K, Schuck S, Texier N, Mebarki A. Physicians’ Perceptions of the Use of a Chatbot for Information Seeking: Qualitative Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020;22(11):e15185 View
  24. Zhang Z, Genc Y, Xing A, Wang D, Fan X, Citardi D. Lay individuals' perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI)‐empowered healthcare systems. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 2020;57(1) View
  25. Abd-Alrazaq A, Alajlani M, Ali N, Denecke K, Bewick B, Househ M. Perceptions and Opinions of Patients About Mental Health Chatbots: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2021;23(1):e17828 View
  26. Chung K, Cho H, Park J. A Chatbot for Perinatal Women’s and Partners’ Obstetric and Mental Health Care: Development and Usability Evaluation Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2021;9(3):e18607 View
  27. Howick J, Morley J, Floridi L. An Empathy Imitation Game: Empathy Turing Test for Care- and Chat-bots. Minds and Machines 2021;31(3):457 View
  28. Jadczyk T, Wojakowski W, Tendera M, Henry T, Egnaczyk G, Shreenivas S. Artificial Intelligence Can Improve Patient Management at the Time of a Pandemic: The Role of Voice Technology. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2021;23(5):e22959 View
  29. Calvaresi D, Calbimonte J, Siboni E, Eggenschwiler S, Manzo G, Hilfiker R, Schumacher M. EREBOTS: Privacy-Compliant Agent-Based Platform for Multi-Scenario Personalized Health-Assistant Chatbots. Electronics 2021;10(6):666 View
  30. Oguntosin V, Olomo A, Daneshvar Rouyendegh (B. Erdebilli) B. Development of an E-Commerce Chatbot for a University Shopping Mall. Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2021;2021:1 View
  31. Griffin A, Xing Z, Mikles S, Bailey S, Khairat S, Arguello J, Wang Y, Chung A. Information needs and perceptions of chatbots for hypertension medication self-management: a mixed methods study. JAMIA Open 2021;4(2) View
  32. Zhang Z, Citardi D, Wang D, Genc Y, Shan J, Fan X. Patients’ perceptions of using artificial intelligence (AI)-based technology to comprehend radiology imaging data. Health Informatics Journal 2021;27(2) View
  33. Zhang Z, Genc Y, Wang D, Ahsen M, Fan X. Effect of AI Explanations on Human Perceptions of Patient-Facing AI-Powered Healthcare Systems. Journal of Medical Systems 2021;45(6) View
  34. Lee H, Kang J, Yeo J. Medical Specialty Recommendations by an Artificial Intelligence Chatbot on a Smartphone: Development and Deployment. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2021;23(5):e27460 View
  35. Chen J, Agbodike O, Kuo W, Wang L, Huang C, Shen Y, Chen B. Online Textual Symptomatic Assessment Chatbot Based on Q&A Weighted Scoring for Female Breast Cancer Prescreening. Applied Sciences 2021;11(11):5079 View
  36. Floridi L. An Empathy Imitation Game: Empathy Turing Test for Care‑ and Chat‑bots. SSRN Electronic Journal 2021 View
  37. Bergier H, Duron L, Sordet C, Kawka L, Schlencker A, Chasset F, Arnaud L. Digital health, big data and smart technologies for the care of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases: Where do we stand?. Autoimmunity Reviews 2021;20(8):102864 View
  38. OGOSI AUQUI J. Chatbot del proceso de aprendizaje universitario: Una revisión sistemática. Alpha Centauri 2021;2(2):29 View
  39. Mlakar I, Šafran V, Hari D, Rojc M, Alankuş G, Pérez Luna R, Ariöz U. Multilingual Conversational Systems to Drive the Collection of Patient-Reported Outcomes and Integration into Clinical Workflows. Symmetry 2021;13(7):1187 View
  40. Mittal M, Battineni G, Singh D, Nagarwal T, Yadav P. Web-based chatbot for Frequently Asked Queries (FAQ) in Hospitals. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 2021;16(5):740 View
  41. Sweeney C, Potts C, Ennis E, Bond R, Mulvenna M, O’neill S, Malcolm M, Kuosmanen L, Kostenius C, Vakaloudis A, Mcconvey G, Turkington R, Hanna D, Nieminen H, Vartiainen A, Robertson A, Mctear M. Can Chatbots Help Support a Person’s Mental Health? Perceptions and Views from Mental Healthcare Professionals and Experts. ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare 2021;2(3):1 View
  42. Su Z, Schneider J, Young S. The Role of Conversational Agents for Substance Use Disorder in Social Distancing Contexts. Substance Use & Misuse 2021;56(11):1732 View
  43. Hari D, Šafran V, Arioz U, Mlakar I, Rojc M, Alankus G, Luna R. Multilingual Conversational Systems to Drive the Collection of PROs and Integration into Clinical Workflow. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE 2021;18:113 View
  44. Vilaza G, McCashin D. Is the Automation of Digital Mental Health Ethical? Applying an Ethical Framework to Chatbots for Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Frontiers in Digital Health 2021;3 View
  45. Sheppy B, Areal A, Itua I, McIntosh B. Dr Robot: the new normal is here. British Journal of Healthcare Management 2021;27(8):1 View
  46. Dhinagaran D, Martinengo L, Ho M, Joty S, Kowatsch T, Atun R, Tudor Car L. Designing, Developing, Evaluating, and Implementing a Smartphone-Delivered, Rule-Based Conversational Agent (DISCOVER): Development of a Conceptual Framework. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2022;10(10):e38740 View
  47. Liang K, Wu S, Gu J, Ahmad S. MKA: A Scalable Medical Knowledge-Assisted Mechanism for Generative Models on Medical Conversation Tasks. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021;2021:1 View
  48. Chagas B, Pagano A, Prates R, Praes E, Ferreguetti K, Vaz H, Reis Z, Ribeiro L, Ribeiro A, Pedroso T, Beleigoli A, Oliveira C, Marcolino M. Evaluating User Experience With a Chatbot Designed as a Public Health Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Human Factors 2023;10:e43135 View
  49. Rebelo N, Sanders L, Li K, Chow J. Learning the Treatment Process in Radiotherapy Using an Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Chatbot: Development Study. JMIR Formative Research 2022;6(12):e39443 View
  50. Morrow E, Zidaru T, Ross F, Mason C, Patel K, Ream M, Stockley R. Artificial intelligence technologies and compassion in healthcare: A systematic scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology 2023;13 View
  51. Shan Y, Ji M, Xie W, Li R, Qian X, Zhang X, Hao T. Interventions in Chinese Undergraduate Students’ Mental Health: Systematic Review. Interactive Journal of Medical Research 2022;11(1):e38249 View
  52. Xu L, Sanders L, Li K, Chow J. Chatbot for Health Care and Oncology Applications Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Systematic Review. JMIR Cancer 2021;7(4):e27850 View
  53. Chew H, Achananuparp P. Perceptions and Needs of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care to Increase Adoption: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2022;24(1):e32939 View
  54. Miles O, West R, Nadarzynski T. Health chatbots acceptability moderated by perceived stigma and severity: A cross-sectional survey. DIGITAL HEALTH 2021;7 View
  55. Allouch M, Azaria A, Azoulay R. Conversational Agents: Goals, Technologies, Vision and Challenges. Sensors 2021;21(24):8448 View
  56. Montenegro J, da Costa C, Janssen L. Evaluating the use of chatbot during pregnancy: A usability study. Healthcare Analytics 2022;2:100072 View
  57. Moldt J, Festl-Wietek T, Madany Mamlouk A, Nieselt K, Fuhl W, Herrmann-Werner A. Chatbots for future docs: exploring medical students’ attitudes and knowledge towards artificial intelligence and medical chatbots. Medical Education Online 2023;28(1) View
  58. Koulouri T, Macredie R, Olakitan D. Chatbots to Support Young Adults’ Mental Health: An Exploratory Study of Acceptability. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 2022;12(2):1 View
  59. Liu Y, Yan W, Hu B, Li Z, Lai Y. Effects of personalization and source expertise on users’ health beliefs and usage intention toward health chatbots: Evidence from an online experiment. DIGITAL HEALTH 2022;8:205520762211297 View
  60. Dingler T, Kwasnicka D, Wei J, Gong E, Oldenburg B. The Use and Promise of Conversational Agents in Digital Health. Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2021;30(01):191 View
  61. Luo B, Lau R, Li C, Si Y. A critical review of state‐of‐the‐art chatbot designs and applications. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 2022;12(1) View
  62. Cohen Y, Amorim M, Reis J. Artificial Intelligence Trends and Applications in Service Systems. Applied Sciences 2022;12(24):13032 View
  63. Chua V, Koh J, Koh C, Tyagi S. The Willingness to Pay for Telemedicine Among Patients With Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2022;24(4):e33372 View
  64. Martinengo L, Lum E, Car J. Evaluation of chatbot-delivered interventions for self-management of depression: Content analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders 2022;319:598 View
  65. Kyung N, Kwon H. Rationally trust, but emotionally? The roles of cognitive and affective trust in laypeople's acceptance of AI for preventive care operations. Production and Operations Management 2022 View
  66. Maenhout L, Peuters C, Cardon G, Compernolle S, Crombez G, DeSmet A. Participatory Development and Pilot Testing of an Adolescent Health Promotion Chatbot. Frontiers in Public Health 2021;9 View
  67. Montenegro J, da Costa C. The HoPE Model Architecture: a Novel Approach to Pregnancy Information Retrieval Based on Conversational Agents. Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research 2022;6(3):253 View
  68. Kaur A, Singh S, Chandan J, Robbins T, Patel V. Qualitative exploration of digital chatbot use in medical education: A pilot study. DIGITAL HEALTH 2021;7 View
  69. Alturaiki A, Banjar H, Barefah A, Alnajjar S, Hindawi S, Tsiknakis M. A Smart Chatbot for Interactive Management in Beta Thalassemia Patients. International Journal of Telemedicine and Applications 2022;2022:1 View
  70. Monteith S, Glenn T, Geddes J, Whybrow P, Achtyes E, Bauer M. Expectations for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Psychiatry. Current Psychiatry Reports 2022;24(11):709 View
  71. Boucher E, Harake N, Ward H, Stoeckl S, Vargas J, Minkel J, Parks A, Zilca R. Artificially intelligent chatbots in digital mental health interventions: a review. Expert Review of Medical Devices 2021;18(sup1):37 View
  72. Daniel T, de Chevigny A, Champrigaud A, Valette J, Sitbon M, Jardin M, Chevalier D, Renet S. Answering Hospital Caregivers’ Questions at Any Time: Proof-of-Concept Study of an Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbot in a French Hospital. JMIR Human Factors 2022;9(4):e39102 View
  73. Dhinagaran D, Sathish T, Kowatsch T, Griva K, Best J, Tudor Car L. Public Perceptions of Diabetes, Healthy Living, and Conversational Agents in Singapore: Needs Assessment. JMIR Formative Research 2021;5(11):e30435 View
  74. Puspitasari I, Rinawan F, Purnama W, Susiarno H, Susanti A. Development of a Chatbot for Pregnant Women on a Posyandu Application in Indonesia: From Qualitative Approach to Decision Tree Method. Informatics 2022;9(4):88 View
  75. Parmar P, Ryu J, Pandya S, Sedoc J, Agarwal S. Health-focused conversational agents in person-centered care: a review of apps. npj Digital Medicine 2022;5(1) View
  76. Booth F, Potts C, Bond R, Mulvenna M, Kostenius C, Dhanapala I, Vakaloudis A, Cahill B, Kuosmanen L, Ennis E. A Mental Health and Well-Being Chatbot: User Event Log Analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2023;11:e43052 View
  77. Potts C, Ennis E, Bond R, Mulvenna M, McTear M, Boyd K, Broderick T, Malcolm M, Kuosmanen L, Nieminen H, Vartiainen A, Kostenius C, Cahill B, Vakaloudis A, McConvey G, O’Neill S. Chatbots to Support Mental Wellbeing of People Living in Rural Areas: Can User Groups Contribute to Co-design?. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science 2021;6(4):652 View
  78. AlJarallah N. Investigating the influence of artificial intelligence on quality management in healthcare centers. F1000Research 2023;12:110 View
  79. Parviainen J, Rantala J. Chatbot breakthrough in the 2020s? An ethical reflection on the trend of automated consultations in health care. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 2022;25(1):61 View
  80. Hennemann S, Kuhn S, Witthöft M, Jungmann S. Diagnostic Performance of an App-Based Symptom Checker in Mental Disorders: Comparative Study in Psychotherapy Outpatients. JMIR Mental Health 2022;9(1):e32832 View
  81. Ehrenpreis M, DeLooper J. Implementing a Chatbot on a Library Website. Journal of Web Librarianship 2022;16(2):120 View
  82. Kovacek D, Chow J. An AI-assisted chatbot for radiation safety education in radiotherapy. IOP SciNotes 2021;2(3):034002 View
  83. He L, Basar E, Wiers R, Antheunis M, Krahmer E. Can chatbots help to motivate smoking cessation? A study on the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on engagement and therapeutic alliance. BMC Public Health 2022;22(1) View
  84. Saha S, Jha A. Correlation Between Evaluative Beliefs of Patients, Reminder and Medication Adherence. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 2023;13(1):1 View
  85. Soni H, Ivanova J, Wilczewski H, Bailey A, Ong T, Narma A, Bunnell B, Welch B. Virtual conversational agents versus online forms: Patient experience and preferences for health data collection. Frontiers in Digital Health 2022;4 View
  86. Chua J, Choolani M, Chee C, Chan Y, Lalor J, Chong Y, Shorey S. Insights of Parents and Parents‐To‐Be in Using Chatbots to Improve Their Preconception, Pregnancy, and Postpartum Health: A Mixed Studies Review. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 2023;68(4):480 View
  87. Nam K, Kim D, Kim D, Lee J, Lee J, Kim M, Park J, Hwang J, Yun S, Choi B, Kim M, Han I. Conversational Artificial Intelligence for Spinal Pain Questionnaire: Validation and User Satisfaction. Neurospine 2022;19(2):348 View
  88. Zhou S, Silvasstar J, Clark C, Salyers A, Chavez C, Bull S. An artificially intelligent, natural language processing chatbot designed to promote COVID-19 vaccination: A proof-of-concept pilot study. DIGITAL HEALTH 2023;9 View
  89. Scerri A, Morin K. Using chatbots like ChatGPT to support nursing practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2023;32(15-16):4211 View
  90. Tawfik E, Ghallab E, Moustafa A. A nurse versus a chatbot ‒ the effect of an empowerment program on chemotherapy-related side effects and the self-care behaviors of women living with breast Cancer: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nursing 2023;22(1) View
  91. Görtz M, Baumgärtner K, Schmid T, Muschko M, Woessner P, Gerlach A, Byczkowski M, Sültmann H, Duensing S, Hohenfellner M. An artificial intelligence-based chatbot for prostate cancer education: Design and patient evaluation study. DIGITAL HEALTH 2023;9 View
  92. Han S. The Contributions of Information and Communications Technology on the Sustainable Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Medical Field. Journal of Innovation and Development 2023;2(2):86 View
  93. Au J, Falloon C, Ravi A, Ha P, Le S. User Acceptance Testing for Lucy Liverbot: An Artificial Intelligence Chatbot to Improve Health Literacy in Patients with Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease. SSRN Electronic Journal 2022 View
  94. Liu C, Zowghi D, Peng G, Kong S. Information quality of conversational agents in healthcare. Information Development 2023 View
  95. Iqbal J, Cortés Jaimes D, Makineni P, Subramani S, Hemaida S, Thugu T, Butt A, Sikto J, Kaur P, Lak M, Augustine M, Shahzad R, Arain M. Reimagining Healthcare: Unleashing the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Cureus 2023 View
  96. Priya B, Sharma V. Exploring users' adoption intentions of intelligent virtual assistants in financial services: An anthropomorphic perspectives and socio-psychological perspectives. Computers in Human Behavior 2023;148:107912 View
  97. Singh A, Schooley B, Patel N. Effects of User-Reported Risk Factors and Follow-Up Care Activities on Satisfaction With a COVID-19 Chatbot: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2023;11:e43105 View
  98. Vo V, Chen G, Aquino Y, Carter S, Do Q, Woode M. Multi-stakeholder preferences for the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare: A systematic review and thematic analysis. Social Science & Medicine 2023;338:116357 View
  99. Li B, Chen Y, Liu L, Zheng B. Users’ intention to adopt artificial intelligence-based chatbot: a meta-analysis. The Service Industries Journal 2023;43(15-16):1117 View
  100. Tan T, Roslan N, Li J, Zou X, Chen X, - R, Santosa A. Chatbots for Symptom Screening and Patient Education: A Pilot Study on Patient Acceptability in Autoimmune Inflammatory Diseases (Preprint). JMIR Formative Research 2023 View
  101. Yin R, Neyens D. Examining how information presentation methods and a chatbot impact the use and effectiveness of electronic health record patient portals: An exploratory study. Patient Education and Counseling 2024;119:108055 View
  102. Panesar K, Pérez Cabello de Alba M. Natural language processing-driven framework for the early detection of language and cognitive decline. Language and Health 2023;1(2):20 View
  103. Nutbeam D. Artificial intelligence and health literacy—proceed with caution. Health Literacy and Communication Open 2023;1(1) View
  104. Zúñiga Salazar G, Zúñiga D, Vindel C, Yoong A, Hincapie S, Zúñiga A, Zúñiga P, Salazar E, Zúñiga B. Efficacy of AI Chats to Determine an Emergency: A Comparison Between OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Microsoft Bing AI Chat. Cureus 2023 View
  105. Nadarzynski T, Lunt A, Knights N, Bayley J, Llewellyn C. “But can chatbots understand sex?” Attitudes towards artificial intelligence chatbots amongst sexual and reproductive health professionals: An exploratory mixed-methods study. International Journal of STD & AIDS 2023;34(11):809 View
  106. Beavers J, Schell R, VanCleave H, Dillon R, Simmons A, Chen H, Chen Q, Anders S, Weinger M, Nelson S. Evaluation of inpatient medication guidance from an artificial intelligence chatbot. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 2023;80(24):1822 View
  107. Tseng Y, Jarupreechachan W, Lee T. Understanding the Benefits and Design of Chatbots to Meet the Healthcare Needs of Migrant Workers. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2023;7(CSCW2):1 View
  108. Wutz M, Hermes M, Winter V, Köberlein-Neu J. Factors Influencing the Acceptability, Acceptance, and Adoption of Conversational Agents in Health Care: Integrative Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e46548 View
  109. Andrews N, Ireland D, Vijayakumar P, Burvill L, Hay E, Westerman D, Rose T, Schlumpf M, Strong J, Claus A. Acceptability of a Pain History Assessment and Education Chatbot (Dolores) Across Age Groups in Populations With Chronic Pain: Development and Pilot Testing. JMIR Formative Research 2023;7:e47267 View
  110. Kirk D, van Eijnatten E, Camps G, Gumpricht E. Comparison of Answers between ChatGPT and Human Dieticians to Common Nutrition Questions. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2023;2023:1 View
  111. Talyshinskii A, Naik N, Hameed B, Juliebø-Jones P, Somani B. Potential of AI-Driven Chatbots in Urology: Revolutionizing Patient Care Through Artificial Intelligence. Current Urology Reports 2024;25(1):9 View
  112. Au J, Falloon C, Ravi A, Ha P, Le S. A Beta-Prototype Chatbot for Increasing Health Literacy of Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis: Usability Study. JMIR Human Factors 2023;10:e42506 View
  113. Martinengo L, Lin X, Jabir A, Kowatsch T, Atun R, Car J, Tudor Car L. Conversational Agents in Health Care: Expert Interviews to Inform the Definition, Classification, and Conceptual Framework. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e50767 View
  114. Morato J, do Nascimento J, Roque G, de Souza R, Santos I. Development, Validation, and Usability of the Chatbot ESTOMABOT to Promote Self-care of People With Intestinal Ostomy. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 2023 View
  115. Uz C, Umay E. “Dr ChatGPT”: Is it a reliable and useful source for common rheumatic diseases?. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2023;26(7):1343 View
  116. Nielsen J, von Buchwald C, Grønhøj C. Validity of the large language model ChatGPT (GPT4) as a patient information source in otolaryngology by a variety of doctors in a tertiary otorhinolaryngology department. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 2023;143(9):779 View
  117. Kaseweter K, Nazemi M, Gregoire N, Louw W, Walsh Z, Holtzman S. Physician perspectives on chronic pain management: barriers and the use of eHealth in the COVID-19 era. BMC Health Services Research 2023;23(1) View
  118. Cankurtaran R, Polat Y, Aydemir N, Umay E, Yurekli O. Reliability and Usefulness of ChatGPT for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Analysis for Patients and Healthcare Professionals. Cureus 2023 View
  119. Lahat A, Shachar E, Avidan B, Glicksberg B, Klang E. Evaluating the Utility of a Large Language Model in Answering Common Patients’ Gastrointestinal Health-Related Questions: Are We There Yet?. Diagnostics 2023;13(11):1950 View
  120. Radionova N, Ög E, Wetzel A, Rieger M, Preiser C. Impacts of Symptom Checkers for Laypersons’ Self-diagnosis on Physicians in Primary Care: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e39219 View
  121. Abujaber A, Abd-alrazaq A, Al-Qudimat A, Nashwan A. A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of ChatGPT Integration in Nursing Education: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023 View
  122. Wang X, Liu X. Potential and limitations of ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence in medical safety education. World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023;11(32):7935 View
  123. Høj S, Thomsen S, Meteran H, Sigsgaard T, Meteran H. Artificial intelligence and allergic rhinitis: does ChatGPT increase or impair the knowledge?. Journal of Public Health 2024;46(1):123 View
  124. Schillaci C, de Cosmo L, Piper L, Nicotra M, Guido G. Anthropomorphic chatbots' for future healthcare services: Effects of personality, gender, and roles on source credibility, user satisfaction, and intention to use. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2024;199:123025 View
  125. Zalake M. Doctors’ perceptions of using their digital twins in patient care. Scientific Reports 2023;13(1) View
  126. De Silva L, Baysari M, Keep M, Kench P, Clarke J. Patient initiated radiology requests: proof of wellness through images. Australian Journal of Primary Health 2023;29(6):670 View
  127. Ding H, Simmich J, Vaezipour A, Andrews N, Russell T. Evaluation framework for conversational agents with artificial intelligence in health interventions: a systematic scoping review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2024;31(3):746 View
  128. Goktas P, Kucukkaya A, Karacay P. Utilizing GPT 4.0 with prompt learning in nursing education: A case study approach based on Benner's theory. Teaching and Learning in Nursing 2024;19(2):e358 View
  129. Abilkaiyrkyzy A, Laamarti F, Hamdi M, Saddik A. Dialogue System for Early Mental Illness Detection: Toward a Digital Twin Solution. IEEE Access 2024;12:2007 View
  130. Ni Z, Peng M, Balakrishnan V, Tee V, Azwa I, Saifi R, Nelson L, Vlahov D, Altice F. Implementation of Chatbot Technology in Health Care: Protocol for a Bibliometric Analysis. JMIR Research Protocols 2024;13:e54349 View
  131. Wang L, Bi W, Zhao S, Ma Y, Lv L, Meng C, Fu J, Lv H. Investigating the Impact of Prompt Engineering on the Performance of Large Language Models for Standardizing Obstetric Diagnosis Text: Comparative Study. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e53216 View
  132. Reis F, Lenz C. Performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Powered Chatbots in the Assessment of Medical Case Reports: Qualitative Insights From Simulated Scenarios. Cureus 2024 View
  133. Alam K, Kumar A, Samiullah F. Prospectives and drawbacks of ChatGPT in healthcare and clinical medicine. AI and Ethics 2024 View
  134. Rokhshad R, Zhang P, Mohammad-Rahimi H, Pitchika V, Entezari N, Schwendicke F. Accuracy and consistency of chatbots versus clinicians for answering pediatric dentistry questions: A pilot study. Journal of Dentistry 2024;144:104938 View
  135. Hegde N, Vardhan M, Nathani D, Rosenzweig E, Speed C, Karthikesalingam A, Seneviratne M, Grosan C. Infusing behavior science into large language models for activity coaching. PLOS Digital Health 2024;3(4):e0000431 View
  136. Zou X, Na Y, Lai K, Liu G. Unpacking public resistance to health Chatbots: a parallel mediation analysis. Frontiers in Psychology 2024;15 View
  137. Laymouna M, Ma Y, Lessard D, Schuster T, Engler K, Lebouché B. Roles, Users, Benefits, and Limitations of Chatbots in Health Care: Rapid Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e56930 View
  138. Vinarti R, Sani N, Anggraeni W, Tyasnurita R, Muklason A, Amalia R, Fahlevi R, Suryaputra E, Azizah I, Kesuma B. I-Mun: A Reminder System and a Chatbot for Information of Immunization under 2 Years. Procedia Computer Science 2024;234:1722 View
  139. Collins L, Nicholson N, Lidbetter N, Smithson D, Baker P. Implementation of Anxiety UK’s Ask Anxia Chatbot Service: Lessons Learned. JMIR Human Factors 2024;11:e53897 View
  140. Garett R, Kim S, Young S. Ethical Considerations for Artificial Intelligence Applications for HIV. AI 2024;5(2):594 View
  141. G.A. P, V.V. D. REMOTE PHARMACEUTICAL COUNSELING USING A CHATBOT. "Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" 2024:180 View
  142. Marisei M, Crocetto F, Sicignano E, Pagano G, Napolitano L. Doctor patient relationship in AI era: trying to decipher the problem. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 2024;35(3):99 View
  143. Yang Y, Liu S, Lei P, Huang Z, Liu L, Tan Y. Assessing usability of intelligent guidance chatbots in Chinese hospitals: Cross-sectional study. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  144. Cook D, Peters D, Moradbakhti L, Su T, Da Re M, Schuller B, Quint J, Wong E, Calvo R. A text-based conversational agent for asthma support: Mixed-methods feasibility study. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  145. Zhu L, Rong Y, McGee L, Rwigema J, Patel S. Testing and Validation of a Custom Retrained Large Language Model for the Supportive Care of HN Patients with External Knowledge Base. Cancers 2024;16(13):2311 View
  146. Hesso I, Zacharias L, Kayyali R, Charalambous A, Lavdaniti M, Stalika E, Ajami T, Acampa W, Boban J, Nabhani-Gebara S. Artificial Intelligence for Optimizing Cancer Imaging: User Experience Study. JMIR Cancer 2024;10:e52639 View
  147. Zhang D, Zhao X. Understanding adoption intention of virtual medical consultation systems: Perceptions of ChatGPT and satisfaction with doctors. Computers in Human Behavior 2024;159:108359 View
  148. Rothlisberger P. AI-Powered Patient-Centered Care: A Call to Action for Innovation. Journal of Healthcare Management 2024;69(4):255 View
  149. Abumalloh R, Nilashi M, Ooi K, Tan G, Chan H. Impact of generative artificial intelligence models on the performance of citizen data scientists in retail firms. Computers in Industry 2024;161:104128 View
  150. Lin S, Sun C, Chen D, Kang Y, Lai N, Chen K, Chen C. Perioperative application of chatbots: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Health & Care Informatics 2024;31(1):e100985 View
  151. Finch L, Broach V, Feinberg J, Al-Niaimi A, Abu-Rustum N, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Chi D. ChatGPT compared to national guidelines for management of ovarian cancer: Did ChatGPT get it right? – A Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Team Ovary study. Gynecologic Oncology 2024;189:75 View
  152. Marey A, Saad A, Killeen B, Gomez C, Tregubova M, Unberath M, Umair M. Generative Artificial Intelligence: Enhancing Patient Education in Cardiovascular Imaging. BJR|Open 2023;6(1) View
  153. He L, Basar E, Krahmer E, Wiers R, Antheunis M. Effectiveness and User Experience of a Smoking Cessation Chatbot: Mixed Methods Study Comparing Motivational Interviewing and Confrontational Counseling. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e53134 View
  154. Goumas G, Dardavesis T, Syrigos K, Syrigos N, Simou E. Chatbots in Cancer Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages: All that Glitters Is Not Gold. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2024;14(8):877 View
  155. de Arriba-Pérez F, García-Méndez S. Leveraging large language models through natural language processing to provide interpretable machine learning predictions of mental deterioration in real time. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2024 View
  156. Sohail M, Wang F, Archer N, Wang W, Yuan Y. Lower than expected but still willing to use: User acceptance toward current intelligent conversational agents. Information & Management 2024;61(8):104033 View
  157. Baumgärtner K, Byczkowski M, Schmid T, Muschko M, Woessner P, Gerlach A, Bonekamp D, Schlemmer H, Hohenfellner M, Görtz M. Effectiveness of the Medical Chatbot PROSCA to Inform Patients About Prostate Cancer: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. European Urology Open Science 2024;69:80 View
  158. Strika Z, Petkovic K, Likic R, Batenburg R. Bridging healthcare gaps: a scoping review on the role of artificial intelligence, deep learning, and large language models in alleviating problems in medical deserts. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2024 View
  159. MacNeill A, MacNeill L, Luke A, Doucet S. Health Professionals’ Views on the Use of Conversational Agents for Health Care: Qualitative Descriptive Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e49387 View
  160. Jin X, Fan M. EarMonitor: Non-clinical Assessment of Ear Health Conditions Using a Low-cost Endoscope Camera on Smartphones. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 2024;8(MHCI):1 View
  161. Karami A, Qiao Z, Zhang X, Kharrazi H, Bozorgi P, Bozorgi A. Health Use Cases of AI Chatbots: Identification and Analysis of ChatGPT Prompts in Social Media Discourses. Big Data and Cognitive Computing 2024;8(10):130 View
  162. Wahab N, Forsyth R. Experiences of patients with hard-to-heal wounds: insights from a pilot survey. Journal of Wound Care 2024;33(10):788 View
  163. Liu X, Wang X, Zhang H. Large multimodal models assist in psychiatry disorders prevention and diagnosis of students. World Journal of Psychiatry 2024;14(10):1415 View
  164. Aras N, Çalışkan N. Assessing the reliability and usefulness of ChatGPT responses on intermittent catheterization queries: A critical analysis. International Journal of Urological Nursing 2024;18(3) View
  165. Ilan Y. The Co-Piloting Model for Using Artificial Intelligence Systems in Medicine: Implementing the Constrained-Disorder-Principle-Based Second-Generation System. Bioengineering 2024;11(11):1111 View
  166. Johnvictor A, Poonkodi M, Prem Sankar N, VS T. TinyML-Based Lightweight AI Healthcare Mobile Chatbot Deployment. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2024;Volume 17:5091 View
  167. Preiser C, Radionova N, Ög E, Koch R, Klemmt M, Müller R, Ranisch R, Joos S, Rieger M. The Doctors, Their Patients, and the Symptom Checker App: Qualitative Interview Study With General Practitioners in Germany. JMIR Human Factors 2024;11:e57360 View
  168. Agarwal S. Developing An Artificial Intelligence Based Chatbot For And Early And Effective Prediction Of Various Diseases. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences and Technology 2024;17(1):76 View
  169. Ng J, Maduranayagam S, Suthakar N, Li A, Lokker C, Iorio A, Haynes R, Moher D. Attitudes and perceptions of medical researchers towards the use of artificial intelligence chatbots in the scientific process: an international cross-sectional survey. The Lancet Digital Health 2024 View
  170. Su B, Jones R, Chen K, Kostenko E, Schmid M, DeMaria A, Villa A, Swarup M, Weida J, Tuuli M. Chatbot for patient education for prenatal aneuploidy testing: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling 2025;131:108557 View
  171. Chen A, Qilleri A, Foster T, Rao A, Gopalakrishnan S, Niezgoda J, Oropallo A. Generative Artificial Intelligence: Applications in Scientific Writing and Data Analysis in Wound Healing Research. Advances in Skin & Wound Care 2024;37(11&12):601 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Palanica A. Definitions. View
  2. Vatian A, Dobrenko N, Andreev N, Nemerovskii A, Nevochhikova A, Gusarova N. Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2019. View
  3. von Wangenheim F, Ventouris J. Perspektiven des Dienstleistungsmanagements. View
  4. Galindo M, Moreno L. Graph Structures for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. View
  5. Pesonen J. Learning and Collaboration Technologies: Games and Virtual Environments for Learning. View
  6. Liu C, Zhang B, Peng G. Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions. View
  7. Das N, Topalovic M, Janssens W. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. View
  8. Denecke K, Abd-Alrazaq A, Househ M. Multiple Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare. View
  9. Bustos D, Teixeira T, Guedes J, Santos Baptista J, Vaz M. Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health III. View
  10. Paige S, Ong T, Wilczewski H, Soni H, Barrera J, Welch B, Bunnell B. The International Encyclopedia of Health Communication. View
  11. Ferreira R, Gregório P, Coelho L, Reis S. Exploring the Convergence of Computer and Medical Science Through Cloud Healthcare. View
  12. Leeuwis L, He L. Chatbot Research and Design. View
  13. Ashcroft A, Ashcroft A. Trends, Applications, and Challenges of Chatbot Technology. View
  14. Das N, Topalovic M, Janssens W. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. View
  15. Osta A, Kokkinaki A, Chedrawi C. Information Systems. View
  16. Ajitha D, Gouri C, Eklure S, Chakraborty C. Intelligent Healthcare. View
  17. Dhimolea T, Kaplan-Rakowski R, Lin L. Bridging Human Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence. View
  18. Rasche C, Brehmer N. Künstliche Intelligenz im Gesundheitswesen. View
  19. Neef C, Mai V, Richert A. Human-Computer Interaction. User Experience and Behavior. View
  20. Nagarathinam A, Chellasamy A, Elangovan N, Rengasamy S. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Intelligent Systems. View
  21. Cheng Y, Xie C, Wang Y, Jiang H. The International Encyclopedia of Health Communication. View
  22. Harlapur N, Handur V. ICT with Intelligent Applications. View
  23. Oyebode O, Alqahtani F, Orji R. Persuasive Technology. View
  24. Ugajin A. Springer Handbook of Automation. View
  25. Rojc M, Ariöz U, Šafran V, Mlakar I. Chatbots - The AI-Driven Front-Line Services for Customers. View
  26. Ciesla R. The Book of Chatbots. View
  27. Zwicky A, Stallone V, Haarmann J. Information Systems and Technologies. View
  28. Suresh N, Selvakumar A, Sridhar G, S. C. Revolutionizing the Healthcare Sector with AI. View
  29. Lal M, Neduncheliyan S. Machine Learning Algorithms. View
  30. Chen Z, Zhao X, Hua M, Xu J. HCI International 2024 – Late Breaking Papers. View
  31. Bangash S, Shah S, Adam M, Khan M, Ahmad M. Multifaceted Uses of Cutting-Edge Technologies and Social Concerns. View