Rerouting Eye Care: How AI and Telemedicine Are Reshaping Ophthalmology Patient Journeys in the United Kingdom and Germany

Broder Poschkamp   ^{1, 2} , MSc, MD ;   Ariel Yuhan Ong   ^{2, 3, 4, 5} , MD ;   Justin Engelmann   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Michael Grün   ^{2, 6} , MD ;   Andreas Stahl   ¹ , MD ;   Pearse Andrew Keane   ^{2, 3, 5} , MD ;   David Adrian Merle   ^{2, 3, 5, 7} , MD, MSc

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

² Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom

³ Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, United Kingdom

⁴ Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, England, United Kingdom

⁵ NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London, England, United Kingdom

⁶ Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

⁷ Center of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany