Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

1 Paul H. Chook Department of Information Systems and Statistics, Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
2 Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, DC, United States
3 Department of Information Systems, Supply Chain & Analytics, College of Business, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
4 Department of MIS and Cybersecurity, College of Business, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
*these authors contributed equally
