Detecting Sociodemographic Biases in the Content and Quality of Large Language Model–Generated Nursing Care: Cross-Sectional Simulation Study

Nan Bai   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Yijing Yu   ^{1 *} , BSc ;   Chunyan Luo   ^{1 *} , BSc ;   Si Chen Zhou   ¹ , MSc ;   Qing Wang   ¹ , BSc ;   Huijing Zou   ¹ , PhD ;   Qian Liu   ¹ , PhD ;   Guanghui Fu   ² , PhD ;   Wei Zhai   ³ , ME ;   Qing Zhao   ³ , PhD ;   Jianqiang Li   ³ , PhD ;   Xinni Wei   ¹ , PhD ;   Bing Xiang Yang   ^{1, 4, 5} , PhD

¹ Center for Wise Information Technology of Mental Health Nursing Research, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

² Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France

³ College of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China

⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

⁵ Research Center for Lifespan Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

*these authors contributed equally