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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Digital Health Reviews (1895) Ophthalmology (89) Research Methodology - AI (58) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (917) AI Language Models in Health Care (308)

Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/76947, first published .
Ophthalmologist examines patient's eye with slit lamp microscope during eye exam.

Evaluating Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: Systematic Review

Evaluating Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: Systematic Review

Authors of this article:

Zili Zhang1 Author Orcid Image ;   Haiyang Zhang1 Author Orcid Image ;   Zhe Pan2 Author Orcid Image ;   Zhangqian Bi2 Author Orcid Image ;   Yao Wan2 Author Orcid Image ;   Xuefei Song1 Author Orcid Image ;   Xianqun Fan1 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (10) Tweetations (4) Metrics

Journals

  1. Cohen L, Gupta A, Patel P, Gill G, Bains H, Gupta S. The Role of Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Review of Current Applications, Performance, and Future Directions. Cureus 2025 View
  2. Olszewski R, Brzeziński J, Watros K, Rysz J. Quantifying Readability in Chatbot-Generated Medical Texts Using Classical Linguistic Indices: A Review. Applied Sciences 2026;16(3):1423 View
  3. Cang X, Ni M, Song C, Zhao J, Guo Y, Zou Y, Zhang Z, Jiang L. ChatGPT-5 versus other mainstream large language models in core diabetic retinopathy patient queries. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 2026;14 View
  4. Li S, Wang X, Chen Y, Tian M, Lin P, Lai M, Jiang L. Large language models for primary care ophthalmic education: a systematic review. Frontiers in Medicine 2026;13 View
  5. Hariharan S, Balapriya S, Jose P, Xu Q, Lu Z, Kor A. Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) with enhanced SBERT fine-tuning vector summarization in medical domain. Expert Systems with Applications 2026;321:132388 View
  6. Livieratos A, Lin J, Chasani P, Gaga M, Fousekis F, Gogos C, Akinosoglou K, Katsanos K, Gamalo M. Large Language Models for Clinical Narrative Processing: Methods, Applications, and Challenges. Methods and Protocols 2026;9(3):69 View
  7. Jiang L, Jiang X, Wu W, Jiang F. Benchmarking publicly accessible large language models for high-myopia multiple-choice question generation in digital ophthalmic education and public health training. Frontiers in Public Health 2026;14 View
  8. Nouyed M, Al-Mamun M, Adjeroh D, Hu G. Comparative Analysis of General-Purpose vs. Domain-Specific Multimodal Models for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification. Diagnostics 2026;16(10):1504 View
  9. Miller M, Hsu D, Tailor P, Starr M. The evolving role of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: basic science, translation, and clinical integration. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 2026 View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Li Y, Li Q. 2026 International Conference on Generative Artificial Intelligence and Information Security (GAIIS). Research on Automatic Generation of Ophthalmic Medical Records Based on Large Language Models View