Application of Nudges to Design Clinical Decision Support Tools: Systematic Approach Guided by Implementation Science

Katy E Trinkley   ^{1, 2, 3, 4} , PharmD, PhD ;   Danielle Maestas Duran   ³ , MA ;   Shelley Zhang   ¹ , PharmD ;   Meagan Bean   ³ , MPH ;   Larry A Allen   ^{3, 5} , MHS, MD ;   Russell E Glasgow   ^{1, 3} , PhD ;   Amy G Huebschmann   ^{3, 6, 7} , MSc, MD ;   Chen-Tan Lin   ^{2, 4, 6} , MD ;   Jason N Mansoori   ^{3, 8} , MSc, MD ;   Anna M Maw   ^{3, 9} , MD ;   James Mitchell   ⁴ , MSc, PhD ;   Laura D Scherer   ^{3, 5} , PhD ;   Daniel D Matlock   ^{3, 10, 11} , MPH, MD

¹ Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States

² UCHealth Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States

³ Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States

⁴ Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States

⁵ Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States

⁶ Department of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States

⁷ Ludeman Family Center for Women’s Health Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States

⁸ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States

⁹ Division of Hospital Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States

¹⁰ Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States

¹¹ VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, United States