Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

1 Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
2 Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
3 World Health Organization Collaboration Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
4 Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
5 Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
6 Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
7 Vincent V.C. Woo Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Institute, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
8 Chinese EQUATOR Centre, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
9 School of Information Science & Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
10 School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)
11 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
12 Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
13 Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
14 Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
15 Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
*these authors contributed equally
