Detecting, Characterizing, and Mitigating Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases in Health Care Datasets With Subgroup Learnability: Algorithm Development and Validation Study

Faris Gulamali   ¹ , MD ;   Ashwin Shreekant Sawant   ¹ , MD ;   Lora Liharska   ¹ , PhD ;   Carol Horowitz   ¹ , MD, MPH ;   Lili Chan   ¹ , MD, MSCR ;   Ira Hofer   ¹ , MD ;   Karandeep Singh   ² , MD ;   Lynne Richardson   ¹ , MD ;   Emmanuel Mensah   ³ , MD, MBA ;   Alexander Charney   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   David Reich   ¹ , MD ;   Jianying Hu   ⁴ , PhD ;   Girish Nadkarni   ¹ , MD, MPH

¹ Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States

² University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States

³ Christiana Care Health System, Wilmington, DE, United States

⁴ IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States