Published on in Vol 27 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/69154, first published .
Psychotherapists’ Ethical Dilemmas Regarding Online and Face-to-Face Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study

Psychotherapists’ Ethical Dilemmas Regarding Online and Face-to-Face Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study

Psychotherapists’ Ethical Dilemmas Regarding Online and Face-to-Face Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study

Emilia Rutkowska   1 * , ClinPsych, PhD ;   Joanna Furmańska   1 * , PhD ;   Cristiana C Marques   2 , PhD ;   Maria João Martins   2 , PhD ;   Håkan Lane   3 , PhD ;   Johannes Meixner   4 , Dipl.-Psych.

1 Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychoprophylaxis, Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Poland, Szczecin, Poland

2 University of Coimbra Health Services, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugalia, Coimbra, Portugal

3 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

4 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf, Germany

*these authors contributed equally

Corresponding Author:

  • Emilia Rutkowska, ClinPsych, PhD
  • Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychoprophylaxis
  • Institute of Psychology
  • University of Szczecin, Poland
  • ul. Krakowska 69
  • Szczecin 71-017
  • Poland
  • Phone: 48 91 444 32 40
  • Email: emiliapsycholog@gmail.com