Published on in Vol 25 (2023)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/49255, first published .
Psychological Inoculation for Credibility Assessment, Sharing Intention, and Discernment of Misinformation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Psychological Inoculation for Credibility Assessment, Sharing Intention, and Discernment of Misinformation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Psychological Inoculation for Credibility Assessment, Sharing Intention, and Discernment of Misinformation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors of this article:

Chang Lu1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Bo Hu1 Author Orcid Image ;   Qiang Li1 Author Orcid Image ;   Chao Bi1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Xing-Da Ju1, 2 Author Orcid Image

Journals

  1. Neylan J, Biddlestone M, Roozenbeek J, van der Linden S. How to “inoculate” against multimodal misinformation: A conceptual replication of Roozenbeek and van der Linden (2020). Scientific Reports 2023;13(1) View
  2. Higham P, Modirrousta-Galian A, Seabrooke T. Mean rating difference scores are poor measures of discernment: The role of response criteria. Current Opinion in Psychology 2024;56:101785 View
  3. Schmid P. Using Behavioral Science for Infodemic Preparedness: The Case of Vaccination Misinformation. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2024;11(1):93 View
  4. Schüz B, Jones C. Falsch- und Desinformation in sozialen Medien: Ansätze zur Minimierung von Risiken in digitaler Kommunikation über Gesundheit. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 2024;67(3):300 View
  5. Axelsson C, Nygren T, Roozenbeek J, van der Linden S. Bad News in the civics classroom: How serious gameplay fosters teenagers’ ability to discern misinformation techniques. Journal of Research on Technology in Education 2025;57(5):992 View
  6. van der Linden S, Roozenbeek J. “Inoculation” to Resist Misinformation. JAMA 2024;331(22):1961 View
  7. Mitsutake S, Oka K, Okan O, Dadaczynski K, Ishizaki T, Nakayama T, Takahashi Y. eHealth Literacy and Web-Based Health Information–Seeking Behaviors on COVID-19 in Japan: Internet-Based Mixed Methods Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024;26:e57842 View
  8. van der Linden S, Kyrychenko Y. A broader view of misinformation reveals potential for intervention. Science 2024;384(6699):959 View
  9. Allen J, Watts D, Rand D. Quantifying the impact of misinformation and vaccine-skeptical content on Facebook. Science 2024;384(6699) View
  10. Douglas K, Sutton R, Biddlestone M, Green R, Toribio-Flórez D. Engaging with Conspiracy Believers. Review of Philosophy and Psychology 2024 View
  11. Lewandowsky S, Ecker U, Cook J, van der Linden S, Roozenbeek J, Oreskes N, McIntyre L. Liars know they are lying: differentiating disinformation from disagreement. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 2024;11(1) View
  12. Govindankutty S, Gopalan S. Epidemic modeling for misinformation spread in digital networks through a social intelligence approach. Scientific Reports 2024;14(1) View
  13. Kuru O. Literacy training vs. psychological inoculation? Explicating and comparing the effects of predominantly informational and predominantly motivational interventions on the processing of health statistics. Journal of Communication 2025;75(1):64 View
  14. Lahiri S. Resisting harmful social norms change using social inoculation. Current Opinion in Psychology 2024;60:101914 View
  15. Bragazzi N, Garbarino S. Understanding and Combating Misinformation: An Evolutionary Perspective. JMIR Infodemiology 2024;4:e65521 View
  16. Sievi L, Pawelec M. (How) Should security authorities counter false information on social media in crises? A democracy-theoretical and ethical reflection. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2025;116:105093 View
  17. Li F, Yang Y. Impact of Artificial Intelligence–Generated Content Labels On Perceived Accuracy, Message Credibility, and Sharing Intentions for Misinformation: Web-Based, Randomized, Controlled Experiment. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e60024 View
  18. Ma Z, Ma R. The Role of Narratives in Countering Health Misinformation: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Health Communication 2025;40(11):2353 View
  19. Hu Y, Yu G. Research on characteristics mining and management strategies for key rumor spreaders. Online Information Review 2025 View
  20. Maertens R, Roozenbeek J, Simons J, Lewandowsky S, Maturo V, Goldberg B, Xu R, van der Linden S. Psychological booster shots targeting memory increase long-term resistance against misinformation. Nature Communications 2025;16(1) View
  21. Georgiou N, Thompson M, Bridgland V, Wade T, Balzan R. People at-risk of an eating disorder are more likely to endorse dietary misinformation claims and hold rigid beliefs. Journal of Health Psychology 2025;30(13):3786 View
  22. Biddlestone M, Roozenbeek J, Suiter J, Culloty E, van der Linden S. Tune in to the prebunking network! Development and validation of six inoculation videos that prebunk manipulation tactics and logical fallacies in misinformation. Political Psychology 2025;46(6):1858 View
  23. Williams S, van der Linden S. The social determinants of misinformation. BMJ 2025:r782 View
  24. Wagnsson C, Östervall A. Who believes in foreign disinformation? Evidence from a disinformation discernment exercise in Sweden. Political Research Exchange 2025;7(1) View
  25. Reinhardt A, Wilhelm C, Mayen S. Experimental Testing of Active vs. Passive Inoculation Interventions on Adolescents’ News Discernment and Learning Enjoyment. Journal of Media Psychology 2025 View
  26. Spampatti T, Brosch T, Mumenthaler C, Hahnel U. Blueprint of a smokescreen: Introducing the validated climate disinformation corpus for behavioural research on combating climate disinformation. British Journal of Psychology 2025 View
  27. Alshakhsi S, Al‐Thani D, Männikkö N, Ali R. Psychological inoculation against problematic social media use among adolescents: An experimental study. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2025;1550(1):134 View
  28. Vasiliadis S, Cook J, Nissan K, Cook W, Hopkins K, Lepage C, Thomson A, Danchin M, Kaufman J. Vaccine misinformation among Arabic-speakers in Australia and the audience and appetite for a game-based intervention. Vaccine 2025;62:127599 View
  29. Spiridonova T, Stavrova O, van Beest I. Does protection come at a cost? A random stimuli approach to investigating the (side-)effects of misinformation inoculations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2025;121:104806 View
  30. Biddlestone M, Ziemer C, Maertens R, Roozenbeek J, van der Linden S. Norm-enhanced prebunking for actively open-minded thinking indirectly improves misinformation discernment and reduces conspiracy beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2025;121:104818 View
  31. Loughnan D, van Stekelenburg A, Pouwels J, Kleemans M. Concerns Regarding the Methodology of a Psychological Inoculation Meta-Analysis on Misinformation. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e64430 View
  32. Tang R, Fang Y, Sun J, Bode L, Vraga E. Automating Accuracy: Scalable Approaches to Correcting Disinformation With Artificial Intelligence on Social Media. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 2025;102(4):1044 View
  33. de Oliveira Cardoso N, de Oliveira T, Massarani L, da Rosa Tagliapietra K, de Lara Machado W. Limited Impact of Interventions for Climate Belief: A Systematic Review Assessing Risk of Bias. Trends in Psychology 2025 View
  34. Appel R, Roozenbeek J, Rayburn-Reeves R, Basol M, Corbin J, Compton J, van der Linden S. Psychological inoculation improves resilience to and reduces willingness to share vaccine misinformation. Scientific Reports 2025;15(1) View
  35. Biddlestone M, Green R, Toribio‐Flórez D, de Gourville D, Sutton R, Douglas K. Fighting fire with fire: Prebunking with the use of a plausible meta‐conspiracy framing. British Journal of Psychology 2025 View
  36. Han X, Liao K, Chen Y, Jin X, Han W. Mechanism and long-term effects of psychological inoculation on individuals’ attitudes towards commercial misinformation: experimental research. Information Technology & People 2025:1 View
  37. Simchon A, Zipori T, Teitelbaum L, Lewandowsky S, van der Linden S. A signal detection theory meta-analysis of psychological inoculation against misinformation. Current Opinion in Psychology 2026;67:102194 View
  38. Saputra A, Wulansari K, Tomozane K. Combatting Misinformation in a High-Context Society: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Digital Literacy Intervention in Indonesian Language Education. Literate: International Journal of Social Science and Humanities 2024;3(1):14 View
  39. Zhang B, Kim S, Scott A. Immunizing the Public Against AI-Generated Disinformation: Testing the Effects of Inoculation Mode and Issue Attitude on Inoculation Likelihood of Political Deepfakes. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 2025;102(4):1102 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. van der Linden S. . View
  2. Li X, Liu M, Lian J, Zhu Q. Wisdom, Well-Being, Win-Win. View
  3. Compton J. Communication and Misinformation. View
  4. Shin D. Minds, Machines, and Misinformation. View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Zhou Y, Shen L. Persistence of Misinformation. View