Published on in Vol 24, No 2 (2022): February

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/26736, first published .
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure–Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Severe Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Meta-analysis

The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure–Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Severe Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Meta-analysis

The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exposure–Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Severe Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Meta-analysis

Journals

  1. Mayer G, Gronewold N, Polte K, Hummel S, Barniske J, Korbel J, Zarnekow R, Schultz J. Experiences of Patients and Therapists Testing a Virtual Reality Exposure App for Symptoms of Claustrophobia: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Mental Health 2022;9(12):e40056 View
  2. Singewald N, Sartori S, Reif A, Holmes A. Alleviating anxiety and taming trauma: Novel pharmacotherapeutics for anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropharmacology 2023;226:109418 View
  3. Jonathan N, Bachri M, Wijaya E, Ramdhan D, Chowanda A. The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) with extra intervention for treating PTSD symptoms. Procedia Computer Science 2023;216:252 View
  4. Lee H, Stein M. Update on treatments for anxiety-related disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2023;36(2):140 View
  5. Jin S, Tan Z, Liu T, Chan S, Sheng J, Wong T, Huang J, Zhang C, Ming W. Preference of Virtual Reality Games in Psychological Pressure and Depression Treatment: Discrete Choice Experiment. JMIR Serious Games 2023;11:e34586 View
  6. Wang Z, Li Y, An J, Dong W, Li H, Ma H, Wang J, Wu J, Jiang T, Wang G. Effects of Restorative Environment and Presence on Anxiety and Depression Based on Interactive Virtual Reality Scenarios. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022;19(13):7878 View
  7. Miegel F, Bücker L, Kühn S, Mostajeran F, Moritz S, Baumeister A, Lohse L, Blömer J, Grzella K, Jelinek L. Exposure and Response Prevention in Virtual Reality for Patients with Contamination-Related Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: a Case Series. Psychiatric Quarterly 2022;93(3):861 View
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  9. Lee K, Kim H, Choe K, Cho A, Kim B, Seo J, Myung W, Park J, Oh K. Effects of Fetal Images Produced in Virtual Reality on Maternal-Fetal Attachment: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2023;25:e43634 View
  10. Loetscher T, Barrett A, Billinghurst M, Lange B. Immersive medical virtual reality: still a novelty or already a necessity?. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2023;94(7):499 View
  11. Lorentz L, Müller K, Suchan B. Virtual reality-based attention training in patients with neurological damage: A pilot study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2024;34(5):701 View
  12. Roesmann K, Leehr E, Böhnlein J, Gathmann B, Herrmann M, Junghöfer M, Schwarzmeier H, Seeger F, Siminski N, Straube T, Dannlowski U, Lueken U. Mechanisms of action underlying virtual reality exposure treatment in spider phobia: Pivotal role of within-session fear reduction. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2023;100:102790 View
  13. Babichenko D, Radovic A, Patel R, Hester A, Powell K, Eggers N, Happe D. Evaluating the Feasibility of a Multiplayer Role-Playing Game as a Behavioral Health Intervention in Adolescent Patients With Chronic Physical or Mental Conditions: Protocol for a Cohort Study. JMIR Research Protocols 2023;12:e43987 View
  14. Vasileva A, Karavaeva T, Radionov D. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Psychotherapy - Integrating the Experience of an Emergency. Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy 2023;31(3):47 View
  15. Frank A, Li R, Peterson B, Narayanan S. Wearable and Mobile Technologies for the Evaluation and Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Scoping Review. JMIR Mental Health 2023;10:e45572 View
  16. Li Pira G, Aquilini B, Davoli A, Grandi S, Ruini C. The Use of Virtual Reality Interventions to Promote Positive Mental Health: Systematic Literature Review. JMIR Mental Health 2023;10:e44998 View
  17. Lorentz L, Schüppen A, Suchan B, Binkofski F. Neural correlates of virtual reality-based attention training: An fMRI study. NeuroImage 2023;284:120454 View
  18. Porter R, Beaglehole B, Baghaei N. Virtual reality technology in the treatment of anxiety – progress and future challenges. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2023;23(12):1047 View
  19. Diemer J, Kothgassner O, Herrmann M, Zwanzger P. VR-gestützte Therapie bei Angst und posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung: aktuelle Möglichkeiten und Grenzen. Der Nervenarzt 2024;95(3):223 View
  20. Spiegel B, Rizzo A, Persky S, Liran O, Wiederhold B, Woods S, Donovan K, Sarkar K, Xiang H, Joo S, Jotwani R, Lang M, Paul M, Senter-Zapata M, Widmeier K, Zhang H. What Is Medical Extended Reality? A Taxonomy Defining the Current Breadth and Depth of an Evolving Field. Journal of Medical Extended Reality 2024;1(1):4 View
  21. Zhang H, Spiegel B. Introducing the Journal of Medical Extended Reality. Journal of Medical Extended Reality 2024;1(1):1 View
  22. DÖNER N, USTA YEŞİLBALKAN Ö. Geçmişten Geleceğe: Sağlıkta Sanal Gerçeklik ve Uygulama Alanları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2024;9(1):143 View
  23. Yu H, Wang L, Pan C. The impact of cognitive behavioural therapy‐based psychological intervention on emotional improvement in elderly patients with extensive burns. International Wound Journal 2024;21(2) View
  24. García-González J, Martínez-Navarro A, Romero-del Rey R, Requena-Mullor M, Zheng R, Lopez-Villen A, Alarcon-Rodriguez R. State-trait anxiety levels and vital signs of pregnant women following intervention with virtual reality during the nonstress test: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders 2024;355:308 View
  25. Kong Q, Han B. Pharmacotherapy and cognitive bias modification for the treatment of anxiety disorders. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2024;24(5):517 View
  26. Ramos G, Hernandez-Ramos R, Taylor M, Schueller S. State of the Science: Using Digital Mental Health Interventions to Extend the Impact of Psychological Services. Behavior Therapy 2024;55(6):1364 View
  27. Spyridonis F, Daylamani-Zad D, Nightingale J. PublicVR: a virtual reality exposure therapy intervention for adults with speech anxiety. Virtual Reality 2024;28(2) View
  28. El‐Qirem F, Malak M, Abualruz H, Abuhazeem S, Amro A. Effects of virtual reality exposure therapy on anxiety symptoms and physiological measures among individuals experiencing claustrophobia. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research 2024;24(3):1098 View
  29. Seuling P, Czernin N, Schiele M. Virtual Reality exposure therapy in the treatment of public speaking anxiety and social anxiety disorder. Neuroscience Applied 2024;3:104074 View
  30. Chen J, Li C, An K, Dong X, Liu J, Wu H. Effectiveness of telemedicine on common mental disorders: An umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior 2024;159:108325 View
  31. Ong T, Barrera J, Sunkara C, Soni H, Ivanova J, Cummins M, Schuler K, Wilczewski H, Welch B, Bunnell B. Mental health providers are inexperienced but interested in telehealth-based virtual reality therapy: survey study. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 2024;5 View
  32. Chu J, Wilson H, Cai C, McCormack J, Newcombe D, Bullen C. Technologies for Supporting Individuals and Caregivers Living With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Scoping Review. JMIR Mental Health 2024;11:e51074 View
  33. Colman M, Millar J, Patil B, Finnegan D, Russell A, Higson-Sweeney N, Aguiar M, Stanton Fraser D. A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the use and effectiveness of extended reality technology in the assessment, treatment and study of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 2024;42:100893 View
  34. Li Q. Perioperative use of immersive head-mounted virtual reality display enhances patient satisfaction in great saphenous vein surgery: a single-center clinical observation study. American Journal of Translational Research 2024;16(6):2445 View
  35. Mennies R, Falk A. Using Technology to Enhance Treatment Outcomes for Pediatric OCD. Current Developmental Disorders Reports 2024;11(3):137 View
  36. Banakou D, Johnston T, Beacco A, Senel G, Slater M. Desensitizing Anxiety Through Imperceptible Change: Feasibility Study on a Paradigm for Single-Session Exposure Therapy for Fear of Public Speaking. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e52212 View
  37. Raghuraman N, Bedford T, Tran N, Haycock N, Wang Y, Colloca L. The Interplay Between Health Disparities and Acceptability of Virtual Reality: A Survey Study. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 2024;27(12):894 View
  38. Scheveneels S, Carpentier N. Underlying Working Mechanisms of Virtual Reality Exposure: Exploring the Role of Fearful Expectancies and Habituation. Behavior Therapy 2025;56(3):555 View
  39. Gjerstad C, Schjøtt-Pedersen O, Seierstad A, Røssberg J, Bull H, Berentzen L, Lystad J. Virtuell virkelighet, virkelig mestring: Virtual Reality som verktøy i behandling av psykoselidelser. Tidsskrift for Norsk psykologforening 2024;61(9):578 View
  40. Bohmeier B, Cybinski L, Gromer D, Bellinger D, Deckert J, Erhardt-Lehmann A, Deserno L, Mühlberger A, Pauli P, Polak T, Herrmann M. Intermittent theta burst stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has no additional effect on the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for acrophobia. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Behavioural Brain Research 2025;476:115232 View
  41. Vernal D, Nordentoft M, Christensen M, Smith L, Mariegaard L, Mainz J, Glenthøj L. Status and Clinical Experiences from the Challenge Trial – A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Virtual Reality-based Therapy for Auditory Hallucinations. World Social Psychiatry 2023;5(1):71 View
  42. Spytska L. The use of virtual reality in the treatment of mental disorders such as phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder. SSM - Mental Health 2024;6:100351 View
  43. Ernst M, Bouchard S, Andersen T, Orskov P, Tarp K, Lichtenstein M. Virtual Reality–Based Exposure With 360° Environments for Social Anxiety Disorder: Usability and Feasibility Study. JMIR Formative Research 2024;8:e55679 View
  44. González-Pérez A, Diaz-Sanahuja L, Matey-Sanz M, Osma J, Granell C, Bretón-López J, Casteleyn S. Towards a self-applied, mobile-based geolocated exposure therapy software for anxiety disorders: SyMptOMS-ET app. DIGITAL HEALTH 2024;10 View
  45. Man S, Li X, Lin X, Lee Y, Chan A. Assessing the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Interventions on Anxiety, Stress, and Negative Emotions in College Students: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2024:1 View
  46. Sasse L, Stonawski V, Kratz O, Moll G, Horndasch S. Evaluating a computer-based body exposure paradigm for the treatment of body image disturbance in adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: effects on the attentional bias and emotions. Frontiers in Psychology 2024;15 View
  47. Ye L, Chen S, Chen Q, Luo X. Family Functioning, Anxiety and Depression in Chinese Higher Vocational School Students: A Network Analysis. Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2024;Volume 17:4399 View
  48. Zeka F, Clemmensen L, Valmaggia L, Veling W, Hjorthøj C, Glenthøj L. The Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality‐Based Treatment for Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2025;151(3):210 View
  49. Zhang Y, Hu T, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Su J. Global, regional, and national burden of anxiety disorders during the perimenopause (1990–2021) and projections to 2035. BMC Women's Health 2025;25(1) View
  50. Hiyoshi F, Yoshida K, Kito S. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Using XR Technology. The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2024;61(9):828 View
  51. Wang D, Lin B, Du J, Liu W, Sun T, Li Q, Xiao L. Acceptance and commitment therapy for nurses’ sleep, rumination, psychological flexibility, and it's neural mechanism: A randomized controlled fNIRS study. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology 2025;25(1):100543 View
  52. Chen J, Wu J, Xie X, Wu S, Yang J, Bi Z, Qiu Y, Chen J. Experience of breast cancer patients participating in a virtual reality psychological rehabilitation: a qualitative study. Supportive Care in Cancer 2025;33(2) View
  53. Sasaki R, Eiro T, Takaishi M, Nakamura R, Yoshida H, Yoshimi A, Asami T. Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in panic disorder: An exploratory whole-brain MRI study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2025;376:18 View
  54. Xu D, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Liu D. Virtual reality in adolescent mental health management under the new media communication environment. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 2025;12(1) View
  55. Ji N, Lu S, Xu B, Guan X, Xian Z, Geng D, Gao D. Levodopa-synergistic CBT intervention improves Parkinson’s disease with anxiety disorder by regulating the BDNF/PI3K/AKT pathway. Neurological Sciences 2025;46(5):2137 View
  56. Mohd Kassim M, Azli Shah S, Lim J, Mohd Daud T. Online-Based and Technology-Assisted Psychiatric Education for Trainees: Scoping Review. JMIR Medical Education 2025;11:e64773 View
  57. Zeng W, Xu J, Yu J, Chu X. Effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders in adolescents and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2025;16 View
  58. Kuleli D, Tyson P, Davies N, Zeng B. Examining the comparative effectiveness of virtual reality and in-vivo exposure therapy on social anxiety and specific phobia: A systematic review & meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy 2025;35(2):100524 View
  59. Lamb R, Perry J, Sutherland E, Hoston D, Garris A, DeRiggs A. Effectiveness of XR‐Based Exposure Therapy for Phobic Disorders. Journal of Counseling & Development 2025;103(3):316 View
  60. Zisquit M, Klomek A, Shoa A, Slater M, Spanlang B, Friedman D. Intrapersonal emotion regulation training in virtual reality: embodying self-talk. Virtual Reality 2025;29(2) View
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  70. Wang L, Faridniya H, Yu H. A public health perspective on virtual reality interventions: exploring the impact of VR extreme sports on stress, anxiety, and depression in men with social anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Public Health 2025;13 View
  71. Ribé‐Viñes J, Gutiérrez‐Maldonado J, Zabolipour Z, Aguilar‐Gil M, Ferrer‐Garcia M. The Impact of Adding Multisensory Stimulation to a Fear of Heights Virtual Reality Experience. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 2025;32(4) View
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Books/Policy Documents

  1. Patil V, Patkar R, Mokal A, Singh K, Choughule A, Bora R. Intelligent Solutions for Cognitive Disorders. View
  2. Fayaz Hussain G, Chenna Reddy P. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Cognitive and Intelligent Computing, Volume 2. View
  3. . Uexküll, Psychosomatische Medizin. View
  4. Bauer S. Uexküll, Psychosomatische Medizin. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Keller J, Kusari A, Czok S, Simgen B, Steinicke F, Diekhof E. 2024 IEEE Conference Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). ACHOO - Bless you! Sense of Presence can provoke Proactive Mucosal Immune Responses in Immersive Human-Agent Interactions View
  2. Jeon M, Kim M, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim H, Jung D. Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Why Only in the Lab? Understanding Counselors’ Technology Acceptance Intentions on Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy: A Mixed Methods Study View