A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Process of Copying a Complex Figure in Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease: A Quantitative Analysis of Digital Pen Data

Ko Woon Kim   ^{1, 2, 3} , MD, PhD ;   Sung Yun Lee   ^{4, 5} , BSc ;   Jongdoo Choi   ^{6, 7} , MSc ;   Juhee Chin   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Byung Hwa Lee   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Duk L Na   ^{6, 7, 8, 9, 10 *} , MD, PhD ;   Jee Hyun Choi   ^{5 *} , PhD

¹ Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

² Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

³ Biomedical Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

⁴ Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea

⁵ Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁶ Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁷ Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁸ Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

⁹ Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

¹⁰ Samsung Alzheimer Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

*these authors contributed equally