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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Public (e)Health, Digital Epidemiology and Public Health Informatics (2361) Research Instruments, Questionnaires, and Tools (1232) Development and Evaluation of Research Methods, Instruments and Tools (1402)

Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/95977, first published .
Woman walking golden retriever dog on sidewalk with McDonald's and 7-Eleven in background

Google Places API–Based US Built Environment Retail (UBER) Index and Its Spatial Association With Diabetes Prevalence Across US Counties: Cross-Sectional Ecological Study

Google Places API–Based US Built Environment Retail (UBER) Index and Its Spatial Association With Diabetes Prevalence Across US Counties: Cross-Sectional Ecological Study

Authors of this article:

Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula1 Author Orcid Image ;   Michelle A Williams2 Author Orcid Image
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Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula   1 * , PhD ;   Michelle A Williams   2 * , SCD

1 Public Health Program, School of Health Systems & Innovation, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States

2 Department of Population Health and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States

*all authors contributed equally

Corresponding Author:

  • Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, PhD
  • Public Health Program, School of Health Systems & Innovation
  • College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University
  • NDSU Dept 2662
  • Fargo, ND 58102
  • United States
  • Phone: 1 701-231-6549
  • Email: akshaya.bhagavathula@ndsu.edu