Extracting Medical Information From Unstructured Clinical Text Using Large Language Models to Enhance Health Care Interoperability: Proof-of-Concept Study

Bahadır Eryılmaz   ^{1, 2 *} , MSc ;   Kamyar Arzideh   ^{1, 3 *} , MSc ;   Mikel Bahn   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Hendrik Damm   ^{4, 5} , MSc ;   Sina Warmer   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Henning Schäfer   ⁶ , PhD ;   Ahmad Idrissi-Yaghir   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Tabea M G Pakull   ^{4, 6} , MSc ;   Lea Jessica Albrecht   ⁷ , MD ;   Jens Kleesiek   ¹ , Prof Dr ;   Georg Lodde   ⁷ , MD ;   Christoph M Friedrich   ^{4, 5} , Prof Dr ;   Elisabeth Livingstone   ⁷ , Prof Dr ;   Dirk Schadendorf   ⁷ , Prof Dr ;   Katarzyna Borys   ^{1, 2} , MSc ;   Felix Nensa   ^{1, 2 *} , Prof Dr ;   René Hosch   ^{1, 2 *} , PhD

¹ University Hospital Essen, Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (IKIM), Essen, NRW, Germany

² University Hospital Essen, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Essen, NRW, Germany

³ Central IT Department, Essen, NRW, Germany

⁴ Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund, Dortmund, NRW, Germany

⁵ University Hospital Essen, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen, NRW, Germany

⁶ University Hospital Essen, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Essen, NRW, Germany

⁷ Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

*these authors contributed equally