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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Personal Health Records, Patient-Accessible Electronic Health Records, Patient Portals (1020) Natural Language Processing (1281) Electronic Health Records (1729) Big Data for Health Promotion and Health Equity (74) Applications of AI (961)

Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/91089, first published .
Doctor and patient discuss medical data on computer screen displaying scales of justice.

Stigmatizing Language in Gender-Expansive Patient Records: Corpus Development, Disparity Analysis, and Natural Language Processing–Based Detection Study

Stigmatizing Language in Gender-Expansive Patient Records: Corpus Development, Disparity Analysis, and Natural Language Processing–Based Detection Study

Authors of this article:

Liyang Xue1 Author Orcid Image ;   Mary Chayko1 Author Orcid Image ;   Vivek Kumar Singh1 Author Orcid Image
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Liyang Xue   1 , PhD ;   Mary Chayko   1 , PhD ;   Vivek Kumar Singh   1 , PhD

1 Department of Library and Information Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States

Corresponding Author:

  • Liyang Xue, PhD
  • Department of Library and Information Science
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
  • 4 Huntington Street
  • New Brunswick, NJ 08901
  • United States
  • Phone: 1 2065198336
  • Email: liyang.xue@rutgers.edu