Published on in Vol 28 (2026)

1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
2 NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, China
3 Center for Health Management and Policy Research, Shandong University (Shandong Provincial Key New Think Tank), Jinan, Shandong, China
4 School (Institute) of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
5 Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, China
6 School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
7 School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
8 School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
*these authors contributed equally
