Nontraditional Data in Pandemic Preparedness and Response: Identifying and Addressing First- and Last-Mile Challenges

Mattia Mazzoli   ^{1 *} , PhD ;   Irma Varela-Lasheras   ^{2 *} , PhD ;   Sónia Namorado   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Constantino Pereira Caetano   ² , PhD ;   Andreia Leite   ^{2, 3} , PhD ;   Lisa Hermans   ⁴ , PhD ;   Niel Hens   ^{4, 5} , PhD ;   Polen Türkmen   ^{1, 6} , MA ;   Kyriaki Kalimeri   ¹ , PhD ;   Leo Ferres   ^{1, 7} , PhD ;   Ciro Cattuto   ¹ , PhD ;   Daniela Paolotti   ¹ , PhD ;   Stefaan Verhulst   ^{1, 6, 8, 9} , PhD

¹ ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy

² Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal

³ NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Comprehensive Health Research Center, Associated Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, Clinical Academic Center, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

⁴ Interuniversity Institute of Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium

⁵ Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

⁶ The Data Tank, Brussels, Belgium

⁷ Data Science Institute, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago de Chile, Chile

⁸ The GovLab, New York University, New York, NY, USA

⁹ Interuniversity MicroElectronics Center, Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

*these authors contributed equally