Comparing the Associations of Internet Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder With Psychopathological Symptoms: Cross-Sectional Study of Three Independent Adolescent Samples

Ying-ying Li   ^{1 *} , BMBS ;   A-qian Hu   ^{1 *} , MM ;   Ling-li Yi   ^{2, 3 *} , MM ;   Zi-xin Mao   ^{3, 4} , MM ;   Qiu-yue Lü   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Juan Wang   ¹ , PhD ;   Wei Wei   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Yue-qi Huang   ¹ , MM ;   Shu Huang   ¹ , BMBS ;   Wen-jing Dai   ^{1, 5} , BMBS ;   Meng-xuan Qiao   ¹ , MM ;   Jia-jun Xu   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Qiang Wang   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Xiao-jing Li   ^{1, 3, 6, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Fu-gang Luo   ¹ , BMBS ;   Wei Deng   ^{1, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Yu-zheng Hu   ^{6, 7} , PhD ;   Tao Li   ^{1, 3, 5, 6, 7} , MD, PhD ;   Wan-jun Guo   ^{1, 3, 5, 6, 7} , MD, PhD

¹ Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

² MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

³ Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Yichang Mental Health Center, Hubei, China

⁵ School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, China

⁶ Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China

⁷ Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

*these authors contributed equally