Bidirectionality Between Perceived Immediate and Long-Term Benefits and Losses and Internet Gaming Disorder Among Chinese Adolescent Gamers: Prospective Longitudinal Study

Siman Li   ¹ , BMed ;   Jianxin Zhang   ² , BMed ;   Ji-bin Li   ³ , PhD ;   Joseph TF Lau   ^{4, 5 *} , PhD ;   Yanqiu Yu   ^{1 *} , PhD

¹ Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

² West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

³ Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangdong, Guangdong, China

⁴ Public Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

⁵ Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China

*these authors contributed equally